See for the online version with illustrations, music and links to the previous translation: http://bhagavata.org/
S'RÎMAD BHÂGAVATAM
"The story of the fortunate one"
CANTO 10 - part II:
Summum Bonum
Chapter 24 Krishna Defies Indra in Favor of the Brahmins, the Cows and Govardhana Hill
Chapter 25 Lord Krishna Lifts Govardhana Hill
Chapter 26 Lord Indra and Mother Surabhi Offer Prayers
Chapter 27 Nanda Recapitulates the words of Garga before the Puzzled Gopas
Chapter 28 Krishna Rescues Nanda Mahârâja from the Abode of Varuna
Chapter 29 The Râsa Play: Krishna Meets and Escapes the Gopîs at Night
Chapter 30 The Gopîs Search for Krishna gone with Râdhâ
Chapter 31 The Songs of the Gopîs in Separation
Chapter 32 Krishna Returns to the Gopîs
Chapter 33 The Râsa Dance
Chapter 34 Sudars'ana Delivered and S'ankhacûda Killed
Chapter 35 The Gopîs Sing of Krishna as He Wanders in the Forest
Chapter 36 The Bull Arishthâsura defeated and Akrûra Sent by Kamsa
Chapter 37 Kes'î and Vyoma Killed and Nârada Eulogizes Krishna's Future
Chapter 38 Akrûra's Musing and Reception in Gokula
Chapter 39 Krishna and Balarâma Leave for Mathurâ
Chapter 40 Akrûra's Prayers
Chapter 41 The Lords' Arrival in Mathurâ
Chapter 42 The Breaking of the Sacrificial Bow
Chapter 43 Krishna Kills the Elephant Kuvalayâpîda
Chapter 44 The Wrestling Match and the Killing of Kamsa
Chapter 45 Krishna Rescues His Teacher's Son
This book relates the story of the Lord and His Incarnations since the earliest records of the vedic history. It is verily the Krishna-Bible of the Hindu-universe. The Bhâgavad Gîtâ compares to it like the sermon on the mountain by Lord Jesus to the full Bible. It has 18.000 verses and consists of 12 books also called cantos. These books tell the complete history of the vedic culture with the essence of all its classical stories called purânas and includes the cream of the vedic knowledge compiled from all the literatures as well as the story of the life of Lord Krishna in full (canto 10). It tells about His birth, His youth, all His wonderful proofs of His divine nature and the superhuman feats of defeating all kinds of demons up to the great Mahâbhârat war at Kurukshetra. It is a brilliant story that has been brought to the West by Swami Bhaktivedânta Prabhupâda, a Caitanya Vaishnava, a bhakti (devotional) monk of Lord Vishnu [the name for the transcendental form of Lord Krishna] who undertook the daring task of enlightening the materialist westerners as well as the advanced philosophers and theologians, in order to help them to overcome the perils and loneliness of impersonalism and the philosophy of emptiness.
For the translation the author of this internet-version has used the translation of Swami Prabhupâda. As an âcârya [guru teaching by example] from the age-old indian vaishnava tradition he represents the reformation of the devotion for God the way it was practiced in India since the 16th century. This reformation contends that the false authority of the caste-system and single dry bookwisdom is to be rejected. Lord Krishna-Caitanya, the avatâra [an incarnation of the Lord] who heralded this reform, restored the original purpose of developing devotion for God and endeavored especially for the sacred scripture expounding on the devotion relating to Krishna as the Supreme Personality of Godhead. This scripture is this bhâgavata purâna from which all the vaishnava-âcâryas derived their wisdom for the purpose of instruction and the shaping of their devotion. The word for word translations as well as the full text and commentaries of this book were studied within and without the Hare Krishna temples of learning in as well India, Europe as in America. The purpose of the translation is first of all to make this glorious text available for a wider audience over the Internet. Since the Bible, the Koran and numerous other Holy texts are readily available, the author meant that this book could not stay behind on the shelf of his own bookcase as a token of material possessiveness. Knowledge not shared is knowledge lost, and certainly this type of knowledge which stresses the yoga of non-possessiveness and devotion as one of its main values could not be left out. The version of Prabhupâda Swami is very extensive covering some 2400 pages of plain fine printed text including his commentaries. And that was only the first ten cantos. The remaining two cantos were posthumously published by his pupils in the full of his spirit. Thus the author was faced with two daring challenges: one was to make a readable running narrative of the book - that had been dissected to the single word - and second to put it into a language that would befit the 21th century with all its modern and postmodern experience and digital progress to the world order without losing anything of its original verses. Thus another verse to verse as-it-is translation came about in which Prabupâda's words were retranslated and set to the understanding and realization I myself acquired. This realization came directly from the disciplic line of succession of the Vaishnava line of âcâryas (teachers) as well as from a realization of the total field of indian philosophy of enlightenment and yoga discipline as was brought to the West by also non-vaishnava guru's and maintained by their pupils. Therefore the author has to express his gratitude to all these great heroes who dared to face the adamantine of western philosophy with all its doubts, concreticism and skepticism. Especially the pupils of Prabhupâda, members of the renounced order (sannyâsîs) who instructed the author in the independence and maturity of the philosophy of the bhakti-yogis of Lord Caitanya need to be mentioned. The author was already initiated in India by a non-vaishnav guru and been given the name of Swami Anand Aadhar ("teacher of the foundation of happiness"). That name the Krishna community converted into Anand Aadhar Prabhu (master of the foundation of happiness) without further ceremonies of vaishnav' initiation (apart from a basic training). Anand Aadhar is a withdrawn devotee, a so-called vânaprashta, who does his devotional service independently in the silence and modesty of his own local adaptations of the philosophy.
The spelling of Sanskrit names has here and there been adapted because of the absence of the suitable Sanskrit signs on the keyboard so that e.g. where normally a flat stripe was placed above the letters a ^accent is placed. It means that one has to choose for two letters where one is written, or that one has to pause pronunciating the word at that place. Also the name Krsna has been spelled this way as Krishna and rsi (=wise) as rishi. Normally the word for word translations of Prabhupâda have been taken as they were given in the translations of Prabhupâda, be it that here and there some words, because of their multiple meanings have lead to slightly different translations. E.g. the word loka means as well planet as place as world. Between square brackets [ ] sometimes a little comment and extra info is given to accommodate the reader when the original text is drawing from a more experienced approach. The original running text of Prabhupâda is linked up at each verse so that it is possible to retrace what the author has done with the text. This is according the scientific tradition of the Vaishnava-community. For the tenth Canto more verse-to-verse loyal translations of a former pupil of Prabhupâda (S'rî Hayesvar das) and Prabhupâda's godbrothers/pupils have been used [including their word for word translation] next to the translation of Prabhupâda, as for this volume [but not the eleventh canto] the word-for-word translations had been omitted and replaced by a more elaborate description of the text. The twelfth canto was drawn in reference to the work of only the ISKCON pupils of Prabhupâda who completed his work. Further was throughout the concatenation process of this version the so called Shastri-version of the Bhâgavatam (from the Gîtâ Press, Gorakpur) as extant with the common Himdu in India itself used as a reference and second opinion.
For the copyright on this translation is settled for the so-called ShareAlike copyright. This means that one is free to copy and alter the text on the condition of attribution (name of Anand aadhar and link to this website bhagavata.org) and that one is free from commercial use. For all other usage one will have to contact the author.
With love and devotion, Anand Aadhar Prabhu, Enschede, The Netherlands, 02-10-2009.
Krishna Defies Indra in Favor of the Brahmins, the Cows and Govardhana Hill
(1) S'rî S'uka said: 'The Supreme Lord staying in that very place [of Vraja] accompanied by Baladeva also, saw how the gopas were very busy arranging for a sacrifice to Indra. (2) Though the Supreme Lord, the Soul of All Seeing All, knew what that meant [see B.G. 9: 23], bowed He down humbly and inquired He with the elders lead by Nanda [His stepfather]: (3) 'Tell Me, dear father, what all this fuss is you're put up with, were does it lead to, for whom is it done and by what means is this sacrifice to be accomplished? (4) Please tell Me about it, I have this great desire to hear that from you o father; surely can the activities found here of the saintly equal to all - equal in what is theirs or of others or who is a friend and enemy or neutral - not be something to be secretive about, is it? (5) An indifferent person is just like an enemy to be avoided while an ally is to be treated like one's own self so they say. (6) People perform these activities very well knowing what they do, but also when they have no clue; for those who in wisdom know what they do can the perfection be found with the labor one performs, but for the foolish without any notion is that perfection not in view. (7) That being so, I ask you, whether this conjoint action of yours is something that is prescribed [in the scriptures] or just a custom; that you should explain clearly to Me.'
(8) S'rî Nanda said: 'The rain its great lord is Indra, the clouds are his personal representatives, they provide the rain for all living beings which, just like milk, is the gratifying life-force. (9) For his liquid discharged do we and other people too with various items and fire sacrifices worship him, that master controller of the clouds, my dear son. (10) With the remnants of that sacrificing people sustain their lives the threefold way [religiously, economically and sensually]; he is the superhuman being bringing the fruits to those who in their human actions are after results. (11) Anyone who rejects this religious duty that was handed down by tradition is a person who because of lust, enmity, fear and greed for certain cannot achieve the splendor [of God, see B.G. 10: 36].'
(12) S'rî S'uka said: 'Hearing Nanda's words and also what the other residents of Vraja said, spoke Lord Kes'ava to His father in a way that made lord Indra angry. (13) The Supreme Lord said: 'It is of karma that a living entity takes birth, it is by karma alone that he meets with destruction; happiness or unhappiness, security and fear are all the result of karma. (14) If there is some controller who awards with the results of the labor performed by others, does that ruler still depend on someone who [out of his karma] performs that sacrifice; after all is there no question of being the master if there is no one who performs productive labor! (15) So what do living beings, who each follow the path of their own karma, have to do with Indra who himself cannot make any difference in what for people according their natures is ordained? (16) A person indeed is under the control of his own nature - his nature he follows; this entire world with its gods, demons and common men exists on the basis of each his own nature. (17) The higher and lower evolved bodies that the living beings obtain and give up as a consequence of their actions, prove their karma to be their enemy, friend or impartial judge; that karma alone is their controller, their guru [see also B.G. 8: 15 & 16, 4.29: 26-27 and 7.7: 46-47]. (18) Therefore should one, in keeping to one's duties performing effortlessly, exercise respect for the karma of one's own nature [see varnâs'rama]; by that karma one lives, it is that karma no doubt that is someone's worshipable deity. (19) Like an unfaithful woman with her lover, does one not gain any real benefit resorting to another entity but the entity [the worshipable deity] one derives one's life from. (20) The learned live by the Vedas, the ruling class by protecting the earth, the vaishyas live on trade and the s'ûdras on serving the twice-born [the former three, see also 7.11: 21-24]. (21) Farming, trading, cow-protection and the fourth of banking is said to be the fourfold occupational duty [of the vaishya]; among these is the one we are engaged in the constant care for the cows. (22) Of the goodness, passion and ignorance as caused by maintenance, creation and destruction [see guna] was by the mode of passion [the moving around] this universe generated and is there from the dyadic the world its variety. (23) The clouds impelled by that passion pour down their water everywhere and by that water they simply maintain the population, so what would Indra then do? (24) The cities, the cultured lands and the villages are not the places where we are at home, we are the forest people dear father, we always live in the forests and on the hills. (25) Let's therefore make a start with a sacrifice for the cows, the brahmins and the hill [Govardhana], and may this be carried out with the ingredients for Indra's sacrifice! [see also footnote 10.8*3] (26) Let's cook all sorts of preparations and soups, beginning with sweet rice, porridge, rolls and cakes and let's have all sorts of dairy products. (27) Feed the fires properly with food well prepared by the brahmins versed in the Vedas; them you should reward with cows. (28) As it is proper in respect of each should also be thought of dogs and outcasts and other fallen souls, grass must be given to the cows and the mountain should be presented offerings. (29) Nicely adorned having eaten our fill should with us in our best clothes and smeared with sandalwood pulp the cows, the brahmins, the fires and the hill [always kept to the right] be circumambulated. (30) This is what I think o father, may that be done if you please, because doing this for the cows, the brahmins and the hill is a festival also to My liking.'
(31) S'rî S'uka said: 'Hearing these words by the Supreme Lord, by the Time in person, spoken with the intent to break the pride of Indra, accepted Nanda and the elder men them as excellent. (32-33) And so they executed all that Madusûdhana spoke of: they settled for the successful course of reciting with the items available; the hill, the brahmins they all together respectfully paid tribute; the cows, bulls and calves were presented with grass and then was the circumambulation of the hill performed. (34) The cowherd women nicely ornamented riding wagons yoked with oxen sang, together with the twice-born chanting their benedictions, the glories of S'rî Krishna. (35) Then, to instill faith in the gopas, assumed Krishna another form saying 'I am the hill' and devoured He the abundance of offerings with the immensity of His body [see vapu and footnote*]. (36) Unto Him together with the people of Vraja brought He by Himself to Himself His obeisances: 'Oh, just see, how this hill manifest in person has bestowed upon us the mercy!'
Footnote:
*: S'rîla Prabhupâda writes to this (Krishnabook ch. 24): "The identity of Krishna and Govardhana Hill is still honored, and great devotees take rocks from Govardhana Hill and worship them exactly as they worship the Deity of Krishna in the temples. Devotees therefore collect small rocks or pebbles from Govardhana Hill and worship them at home, because this worship is as good as Deity worship."
Lord Krishna Lifts Govardhana Hill
(1) S'rî S'uka said: 'Indra then who realized that the worship of his person had been rejected, o King, got angry with the gopas lead by Nanda who had taken to Krishna as their Lord. (2) Clouds carrying the name Sâmvartaka to put an end to it all were sent forth by Indra who thereto falsely deeming himself the supreme controller enraged spoke the words: (3) 'Just see the great extend of the bewilderment of these forest dwelling cowherds in relation to their wealth; they, having taken shelter of a mortal like Krishna, have committed an offense against the gods! (4) Abandoning the spiritual knowledge they try to cross over the ocean of material existence in the name only of profit-motivated ritual sacrifices, sacrifices that are inadequate to serve them as boats on that ocean. (5) Taking shelter of Krishna, this prattling, arrogant child ignorantly thinking Himself to be the wisest, have the gopas acted in dislike against me. (6) Bring them and their animals to destruction whose hearts, barred by Krishna, are intoxicated by their welfare and may the false pride of they who are mad of their riches be removed. (7) I also will, riding my elephant Airâvata, follow along to Vraja accompanied by the wind-gods, moving there with great power with the purpose of destroying Nanda's cowherd community [see e.g. also: 6.11 & 12].'
(8) S'rî S'uka said: 'The clouds thus commanded by Indra did, released from their bonds, with all their power torment Nanda's cowherd village with great downpours of rain. (9) Illuminated by bolts of lightening, roaring with thunder gave they, propelled by the wind-gods, a fearsome downpour of hailstones. (10) As the rain released by the clouds incessantly poured down in vast columns, could the high and low of the earth being submerged no longer be seen. (11) Plagued by the abundance of rain and excessive wind went the gopas and gopîs shivering of the cold to Govinda for their shelter. (12) Covering their heads and covering their children with their bodies approached they, pained by the rains, trembling the base of the Supreme Personality of Godhead His lotusfeet: (13) 'Krishna, o Krishna, o Greatest Fortune, You are Your own master, o Lord, please protect the cow community against Indra being angry with us, o Protector of the Devotees [see also 10.8: 16].'
(14) Seeing them out of their wits under the attack of the hail, the rain and the extreme winds, considered the Supreme Lord Hari the anger of Indra to be responsible for this: (15) 'Because I rejected his sacrifice is Indra flooding for destruction with these unusually fierce out-of-season rains and great winds full of hailstones. (16) To counteract that properly shall I by My yogic power arrange for the defeat of the pride-of-wealth and the ignorance of those who are as foolish as to consider themselves falsely the Lord of the World. (17) My eradicating the impure of the false prestige of those who consider themselves the Controller is certainly not intended for those enlightened beings who are endowed with goodness, it is intended for their relief [see also B.G. 14: 14]. (18) It is therefore to Me to protect by My yogic power My own family, the cowherd community that took shelter with Me as their master; this is the vow I have taken [see also B.G. 9: 22].'
(19) Thus having spoken took He, Vishnu, with one hand [His left one] Govardhana hill and held it up as easy as a child does a mushroom. (20) The Supreme Lord said then to the gopas: 'O mother, o father, o residents of Vraja, please enter, if you want, with your cows the free space below this hill. (21) You shouldn't feel afraid that because of the wind and the rain the mountain would fall from My hand; you suffered enough fear and to deliver you from that have I thus provided for you.'
(22) Thus with their minds pacified by Krishna entered they the space under the mountain where they were safe with their cows, wagons and everyone belonging to them. (23) Putting aside the pain of hunger and thirst and all considerations of personal happiness, upheld He before the eyes of the residents of Vraja the mountain for seven days without moving from His place. (24) Seeing the result of Krishna's mystic power was Lord Indra most amazed and stopped he the clouds, broken in his determination and with his false pride brought down. (25) With the sky empty of clouds, the sun risen and the fierce wind and rain laid down, addressed the Lifter of Govardhana the cowherds: (26) 'Please go forth from here together with your property, women and children; see the end of your fear, o gopas, the wind and rains have ceased and the high water is as good as over.'
(27) The gopas, with each taking his own cows, then went out, with their belongings loaded on the wagons and the women, children and old people slowly following. (28) And with all of the living beings looking on put the Supreme Lord Almighty that hill down back where it stood before. (29) The residents of Vraja each to their own position came forward shining with the surge of their pure love they felt for Him while the gopîs joyfully with embraces and all of that showed their great affection, while they with gifts of yogurt, whole grains and water presented Him the best of their blessings. (30) Yas'oda, Rohinî, Nanda and Balarâma, the Greatest of the Strong, beside themselves of love embraced Krishna offering Him all their blessings. (31) From heaven recited the godly, the perfected, the saints, the heavenly singers and venerable ones the Lord's praises, satisfied showering a rain of flowers, o earthly ruler. (32) Resounding conchshells and kettledrums played the demigods in heaven and sang the Gandharvas led by their chief Tumburu, o ruler of men. (33) O King, then, surrounded by the loving animal tenders, went Krishna together with Balarâma off to where they were grazing their animals and as they went sang the gopîs about all His likewise deeds, happy as they were with Him who had touched their hearts.'
Nanda Recapitulates the Words of Garga Before the Puzzled Gopas
(1) S'rî S'uka said: 'The gopas witnessing the activities like this [lifting of the hill] of Krishna, could not comprehend His heroism and approached, astonished as they were, Nanda: (2) 'Considering the no doubt extraordinary activities of the boy, how could He deserve a, for Himself contemptible, birth among worldly men? (3) How can a boy of seven years mighty as an elephant playfully with one hand hold up the best of all hills like it was a lotusflower? (4) As a young child with hardly its eyes open sucked He from the breast of the greatly powerful Pûtanâ [the poisoned milk] also sucking her life-air, like the force of time sucks the youth out of a body [see 10.6]. (5) He, a few months old lying crying beneath a cart, with His feet upward turned over the cart that struck by the tip of His foot fell in pieces [see 10.7]. (6) One year old sitting down was He taken away up into the sky by the demon Trinavârta whom He, seizing his neck, tormented and killed [see 10.7]. (7) Once busy stealing butter bound His mother Him to a large mortar with which He, on His hands moving between the two arjuna trees, caused their crash [see 10.10]. (8) Surrounded by the boys together with Balarâma grazing the calves in the forest tore He with His arms apart the beak of the murderous enemy Baka [see 10.11]. (9) Vatsa, as another calf hiding among the calves in order to kill Him, was killed by Him for a sport making him fall [throwing him in a tree] for kapittha fruits [see 10.11]. (10) Together with Balarâma killing the ass-demon [Dhenuka] and his companions secured He the safety of the Tâlavana forest that was full of ripe fruits [see 10.15]. (11) After arranging that the terrible Pralamba would be killed by the most powerful Balarâma, released He the animals of Vraja and the gopas from the forest fire [see 10.18 & 19]. (12) Subduing the chief of the snakes [Kâliya] with his so very poisonous fangs, defeated He his pride sending him with force away from the lake of the Yamunâ, and freed He thus the water from its poison [10. 16 & 17]. (13) Dear Nanda, how can it be that all of us inhabitants of Vraja can't give up our feelings of love for your son who from His side is just as natural towards us? (14) Considering His as a seven-years-old boy lifting the big hill has with us, o master of Vraja, raised questions about your son [what kind of tricks would He be pulling?].'
(15) Nanda said: 'Please listen to my words dear gopas; let go of your doubt concerning the boy, this is what Garga in the past told me referring to this child [see also 10.8: 12-19 for the same verses]: (16) 'Three colors were by your son assumed in accepting bodies according each yuga [*]; white, red and also yellow. At present He is black. (17) Some time before was this child born as a son of Vasudeva and therefore will about this child of yours the ones who know this therefore also speak of Him as the all-beautiful Vâsudeva. (18) Of this son of yours there are many names and forms according the nature of His qualities and activities; I know of them, but not so the common folk. (19) This child will always act to what is most beneficial to you all in being a Nanda-Gokula cowherd; by Him will you all easily overcome all dangers [*3] (20) In times before were by Him, o King of Vraja, the pious who were disturbed by the rogues of a faulty rule protected so that they, with the bad ones defeated, could flourish [see also 1.3: 28]. (21) Like the ones close to Vishnu with Asuras, will those persons who unto this child are as greatly fortunate as to act in affection not be overcome by enemies. (22) Therefore, o Nanda, take the greatest care raising this child: in His qualities, opulences, name and fame is this son of yours as good as Nârâyana!' (23) Garga this way speaking gave me his advise and went home; I [ever since] consider Krishna, who frees us from all obstacles, an expansion of Nârâyana.'
(24) Thus hearing the words of Nanda about what Garga had said worshiped the residents of Vraja, enlivened by Nanda and with their perplexity gone, Lord Krishna. (25) The demigod causing rain, angry of seeing his sacrifice disrupted, made the cowherds, animals and women suffer with lightning bolts, hail and winds; seeing Himself as their only shelter smiled He out of compassion and picked He, a small child, the hill up with one hand like it was a mushroom in order to protect the cowherd community - may He, the Indra of the Cows, the destroyer of the conceit of the great king of the sky, be satisfied with us!'
Footnote :
* These colors will later in the eleventh canto in verses 11.5: 21, 24, 27 and 34 of the Bhâgavatam be explained [see also another site about it].
Lord Indra and Mother Surabhi Offer Prayers
(1) S'rî S'uka said: 'After having held the hill Govardhana to protect Vraja against the rains came from the world of the cows mother Surabhi [the celestial cow] to Krishna. And so did Lord Indra. (2) In a secluded place [*] approached Indra Him ashamed of having been offensive and touched he His feet with his helmet that shone like the sun. (3) Having heard of and having witnessed the power of this Lord Krishna, whose immeasurable potency had put an end to his arrogance of being the lord of the three worlds, spoke he with folded hands as follows.
(4) Indra said: 'Your majesty of transcendental goodness, being of peace and the illumination of penance, destroyed the passion and ignorance born from illusion; in You is this continuous stream not present of the material qualities to which one is bound when one is not in control. (5) How, o Lord, would there [in You, as I thought, see 10.25: 3] be the causes of being entangled - the greed and all of that - that symptomize an ignorant person; still You are the Supreme Lord who in defense of the dharma exercises Your authority to chastise the wicked! (6) The father, the guru, You are of the entire universe, the Original Controller and the insurmountable Time that of service as the authority, with the by You assuming of transcendental forms, is there to eradicate the self-conceit of the ones who imagine themselves to be the lord of the universe. (7) Fools like me who think themselves to be the master of the universe do, seeing You fearless at the time [of confrontation], quickly part of their arrogance, when they as a consequence of Your lesson for the wicked being no longer puffed up in every respect take to the path of gentlemen. (8) You as such o Master, please therefore forgive me, who, unaware of Your influence, because of his rulership bathed in arrogance and fell in offense with a foolish intelligence; please let my consciousness never be that foul again o Lord. (9) Your descent into this world, o Lord of the Beyond, is there for the existence of those who serve Your lotus feet o Godhead, and for the nonexistence of warlords who with the many disturbances they give rise to constitute a great burden. (10) My obeisances unto You, the Supreme Lord and Original Personality, the great Soul S'rî Krishna, the son of Vasudeva; my reverence for the Master of the Servants of the Absolute Truth. (11) For Him my obeisances who to the desires of the ones belonging to Him assumes bodies, whose form is the purest spiritual knowledge and who is the seed of all and everything and the indwelling Soul of all living beings. (12) O Lord when the sacrifice was frustrated was I fiercely arrogant and angry and wanted I with rain and wind to destroy the cowherd community, o Supreme Lord. (13) You, o Controller showing Your mercy have shattered my rigidity and rendered my attempt fruitless; I came to You, the True Self and spiritual master, in order to take shelter.'
(14) S'rî S'uka said: 'With Krishna this way glorified by the munificent Indra smiled the Supreme Lord at him and spoke He, as grave as the clouds, the following words. (15) The Supreme Lord said: 'The arresting by Me of your sacrifice I engaged in to show you My mercy so that you, as the king of heaven so greatly intoxicated with the opulence, would remember me forever. (16) Him, who blinded because of his power and wealth is conceited and does not see Me with the rod in My hand, will I, desirous to promote him, prepare a fall from his affluent position [see also B.G. 9: 22]. (17) O you all of might, o Indra, all fortune to you, may you, executing My order, void of pretense soberly remain engaged in your responsibilities.'
(18) Then spoke mother Surabhi to Krishna who, peaceful of mind along with her cows begging His attention, offered her respects to the Lord who had appeared as a cowherd boy. (19) Surabhi said: 'Krishna, o Krishna, o Greatest Mystic, o Soul and Origin of the Universe, with You, o director of the world, we have found our master, o Infallible One. (20) You are our Supreme Godhead, You are our Indra, o Lord of the Universe, please be there for the welfare of the cows, the brahmins and those who are godly and saintly. (21) For You as our Indra we shall perform a bathing ceremony to the directions of Lord Brahmâ, o Soul of the Universe who descended to alleviate the burden of the earth.'
(22-23) S'rî S'uka said: 'Thus pleading was Lord Krishna by Surabhi with her own milk and the Ganges water flowing from heaven as carried by Airâvata's trunk, by Indra bathed in the company of the enlightened and the seers and by the inspired mothers of the gods [the daughters of Aditi] and was the descendent of Das'arha named Lord Govinda. (24) To that place came Tumburu, Nârada and the others, the singers of heaven, the scholars, the perfected and the venerable ones who sang the glories of the Lord that remove the contamination from the world while the wives of the demigods filled with joy danced together. (25) He as the emblem of all the gods was praised and covered with wonderful showers of flowers, after which the three worlds experienced a supreme satisfaction with the cows overflowing the earth with their milk. (26) The rivers flooded with all kinds of liquids, the trees exuded honey, the plants ripened without cultivation and the mountains produced jewels. (27) O beloved of the Kuru dynasty, when Lord Krishna had been bathed became all those [predators, dishonest people] free from enmity, they, my best, who, be it by nature, were vicious. (28) Thus having bathed Govinda, the master of the cows and the cowherd community was he [Indra] permitted to take leave and returned he to heaven surrounded by the gods and the others.'
* The specific "solitary place" where Indra approached S'rî Krishna is mentioned by the sage S'rî Vais'ampâyana in the Hari-vams'a (Vishnu-parva 19.3): sa dadars'opavishtham vai govardhana-s'ilâ-tale. "He saw Him [Krishna] sitting at the base of Govardhana Hill".
Krishna Rescues Nanda Mahârâja from the Abode of Varuna
(1) The son of Vyâsa said: 'Having fasted the eleventh day [of the lunar fortnight] and worshiped the Maintainer of All [Janârdana], entered Nanda the twelfth day the water of the Yamunâ for a bath. (2) A darkminded servant of Varuna seized him and lead him away who had neglected the rule that to enter the water during the night was of a godless timing. (3) O King, not seeing him called the gopas out loudly 'o Krishna, o Râma!' upon which the Supreme Lord finding out that the father had been taken away of Him, the Almighty who makes His people fearless, following went to where Varuna was. (4) When he saw that the Lord of the Senses had arrived did he, the presiding godhead of that region [of the waters], elaborately honor Him greatly being pleased to have Him present.
(5) S'rî Varuna said: 'Today I may experience the true wealth of the success of my physical presence, o Lord, since those who earned the privilige to serve Your lotusfeet have achieved the transcendence of their material life. (6) My obeisances unto You the Supreme Personality of Godhead, the Absolute Truth and Soul Supreme who brought about the creation of this world and upon whom mâyâ has no influence. (7) That ignorant servant of mine was a fool not knowing his duty [*] when he brought to me this one who is Your father, I beg Your pardon, Your goodness. (8) Even to me o Krishna, o You who sees everything, please, be of mercy, o Govinda; to You, so full of care for Your parents, belongs definitely this one that is Your father.'
(9) S'rî S'uka said: 'Thus satisfied took Krishna, the Supreme Lord and Controller of all Controllers, His father with Him and went He to His relatives whom He brought great pleasure. (10) Nanda who had never before met with the mighty opulence of the lord of the realm [of the waters] or witnessed the obeisances they [Varuna and his followers] offered Krishna, spoke amazed to his friends and relatives. (11) They, the gopas, listening eagerly, o King, with Him as their Controller thought: 'Maybe He's preparing us the grace of taking us to His transcendental abode!'
(12) He, the Supreme Lord from His side, as the Seer of All understanding their dream of perfection, compassionately thought this: (13) 'For certain are the people in this world, who in oblivion with the desire of their activities wander between higher and lower ends, not aware of their proper destination.'
(14-15) With this consideration showed the Supreme Lord Hari in great compassion the gopas His own abode beyond the darkness of matter: the true unlimited spiritual knowing that is the light [see brahma-jyoti] of the eternal absolute which indeed is seen by the sages who in trance are removed from the material qualities. (16) They were by Krishna brought to and submerged in the lake of the One Spirit [brahma-hrada] and lifted out saw they the abode of the Absolute Truth the way it before was seen by Akrûra [3.1: 32, 10.38 & 10.40]. (17) Nanda and the rest were upon that vision overwhelmed by supreme bliss and were most suprised to see Krishna there being praised with vedic hymns.'
Footnote:
* Prabhupâda's pupils comment to the precise execution of ekâdas'î fasting matters and auspicious times of bathing: 'Of course, Varuna's servant should have been aware of these technical details, which are meant for strict followers of the Vedic rituals.'
The Râsa Play: Krishna Meets and Escapes the Gopîs at Night
(1) The son of Vyâsa said: 'Even though He was the Supreme Lord, decided He, resorting to His inner potency [see yoga-mâyâ], to enjoy those nights in autumn when the jasmine flowers are blossoming. (2) At the time painted the king of the stars [the moon] with his hands the face of the east red thus giving comfort to all who longed for him, just like a lover approaching his beloved ends the grief when he after a long time is seen again. (3) Seeing how the kumuda lotuses opened to his full round face that, alike the face with fresh kunkuma of the goddess of fortune, with its light reddened the forest, played He, colored by the gentle rays of that light, His flute sweetly enchanting the eyes of charm [of the gopîs]. (4) Hearing that song aroused Cupid with the women of Vraja and with their minds seized by Krishna went each of them unknown to the others, with earrings swinging in the haste, to where He, their boyfriend, was. (5) Some left in the middle of milking the cows, some abandoned in their eagerness the milk they had on the stove while others went without taking the cake out of the oven. (6-7) Some put aside the children they were feeding milk and dressed up forgetting the service to their husbands, some left in the middle of having their dinner, some oiled, painted themselves and made up their eyes while others went to Krishna with their clothes and ornaments in disarray. (8) They, checked by their husbands, fathers, brothers and other relatives did, enchanted by Govinda with their hearts stolen, not turn back [to their duties]. (9) Some gopîs who didn't manage to get away, staying home closed their eyes and meditated connected in that love [see footnote* and 10.1: 62 & 63]. (10-11) The intolerable, intense agony of being separated from their Beloved removed all the bad minding while the good of them was reduced to zero because of the joy obtained in meditating the embrace of the Infallible One. Even though He was the Supreme Soul thought they Him to be their paramour, but nevertheless getting His direct association gave they, with their bonds cut, immediately up their existence the way it is determined by the material qualities.'
(12) S'rî Parîkchit said: 'They knew Krishna only as their beloved but not as the Absolute Truth, o sage, how could there for them being so mindful of the material affair be the ending of the mighty current of the gunas?'
(13) S'rî S'uka said: 'About this I spoke to you before [in 3.2: 19 and in 7.1: 16-33]: when the king of Cedi [S'is'upâla] could attain perfection even hating the Lord of the Senses, what then would it be for those who are dear to Him, the Lord in the Beyond? (14) For the purpose of humanity its highest benefit, o King, is there the personal appearance of the Supreme, Imperishable, Inscrutable Lord who, being free from the modes, is the Controller of the Modes. (15) They who constantly exhibit lust, anger, fear, affection, unity and goodwill with the Lord are sure to achieve absorption in Him. (16) You shouldn't be astonished by this in regard to the Supreme Personality Unborn for He is the master of all masters of yoga by whom this world finds liberation. (17) When the Supreme Lord saw the girls of Vraja arriving near Him spoke He, the best of all speakers, with a wealth of words that bewildered them. (18) The Supreme Lord said: 'Be welcome all of you, o fortunate ladies, what can I do to please you? Please tell Me whether Vraja is all right and for what reason you came here. (19) This night is full of creatures fearsome in appearance, so please return to Vraja o slender girls, you women shouldn't hang around here. (20) Undoubtedly it is so that your mothers, fathers, sons, brothers and husbands looking for you can't find you; don't give rise to anxity with your kin. (21-22) You've seen Râka (the goddess of the day of the full moon) resplendent by her moonlight, you've seen the forest full of flowers even more pleasurable by the breeze blowing from the Yamunâ that plays through the leaves of the trees. Go now, without delay, back to the cowherd village, you must serve your husbands, o chaste ones, the calves and the children are crying for you to give them milk. (23) Or else, if you have come with your hearts overtaken by your love for Me, is that indeed laudable of you since all living beings have affection for Me. (24) For women it indeed is the highest dharma to be diligently of service to her husband, to be simple and honest towards the relatives and to take good care of her family. (25) Provided he didn't fall [from his belief or being unfaithful] should a husband bad-hearted, unfortunate, old, retarded, sickly and poor even by women who desire heaven not be rejected [see also 9.14: 37 and B.G. 1: 40]. (26) To be astray weak in adultery is for a woman of class in all cases something contemptible: it harms the reputation, creates fear, and gives trouble. (27) By listening, being in the presence [of the deity and the devotees], by meditation and by subsequent chanting is one of love for Me; not so much with being physically close to Me; therefore please return to your homes [see also 10.23: 33].'
(28) S'rî S'uka said: 'The gopîs thus hearing the words of Govinda unpleasant to them felt, dejected of being disappointed in their strong desires, an anxiety hard to overcome. (29) Letting their faces hang down in sorrow and their bimba-red lips dry up sighing, stood they scratching the ground and bore they, with their tears spoiling their make-up and washing away the kunkuma on their breasts, silently the burden of their great distress. (30) With their Beloved not so loving at all addressing them to the contrary, while they for His sake had desisted from all their material desires, wiped they their tears arresting their crying and said they next with their voices choked up in the attachment in agony something back to Him. (31) The beautiful gopîs said: 'Your good self, o Mighty One, shouldn't speak so harshly renouncing all sorts of sensual pleasure; please reciprocate with our devotion at Your feet, do not play so hard-to-get rejecting us, be just like the Godhead, the Original Personality who reciprocates with those who desire liberation. (32) O dearest, You as the Knower of the Dharma thus spoke of the duty of women which would be her loyalty to husband, children and relatives, so be it, but isn't it so that You, o Lord, are the real object of this instruction; You, the Godhead most dear who for all embodied beings are the closest relative in being the soul? (33) The experts indeed give evidence of the attraction to You who eternally endears them as their very own Self, so what therefore of our husbands, children and relatives who give us trouble? Have mercy with us, o Supreme Controller, do not cut the hopes for You down that we entertained for so long, o Lotus-eyed One. (34) With ease You stole our minds, which were absorbed in our households, as well as our hands that were busy in household duties; our feet will not move one step away from Your feet - how can we go back to Vraja, what then should we do instead? (35) Please, o Dearest, pour the flood of the nectar of Your smiling glances and melodious songs rising from Your lips, over the fire within our hearts; otherwise will we with meditation place our bodies in the fire that burns of separation and go for the abode of Your feet, o Friend. (36) O You with Your lotus-like eyes, for the goddess of fortune is it a festival to be at the base of Your feet that, at times held dear by the people dwelling in the forest, we now will touch and from that moment on will we, filled by Your joy, for sure never be able to stand in the direct presence of any other man! (37) Like the goddess, who together even with Tulasî-devî desiring the dust of the lotusfeet, has obtained her position at Your bosom and for whose glance upon them, as it is, the others of enlightenment do endeavor to serve as servants, do we likewise also seek the dust of Your feet. (38) Therefore be of mercy with us, o Vanquisher of all Distress, Your feet we approached renouncing our homes in the hope to worship You, with Your beautiful smiles and glances for which our hearts have burned with an intense desire; o gem of all people, please allow us to serve. (39) Seeing Your hair around Your face, Your earrings, the beauty of Your cheeks and the nectar of Your lips smiling, the glances that make one fearless, the two of Your mighty arms and looking at Your chest, the only source of pleasure for the goddess, we are delivered as Your servants. (40) What woman within the three worlds, o dearest, would not be completely bewildered by the melody lines of the songs You draw from Your flute and then not deviate in civil conduct upon seeing this grace of the three worlds, this beautiful form of which (even) the cows, the birds, the trees and the deer carry a thrill of joy. (41) You, just as the Godhead, the Original Personality, protecting all gods and worlds, have taken birth as the Godhead, the evident remover of the fear and distress of the people of Vraja, therefore kindly place, o Friend of the Distressed, Your lotuslike hand on the burning breasts and heads of Your maidservants.'
(42) S'rî S'uka said: 'Having heard the gopîs' despondent words laughed full of mercy the Lord of all the Lords of Yoga who had been satisfied despite of His ever being satisfied within. (43) With them all together was He as splendid as the deerlike spotted moon surrounded by the stars, and made He as the Infallible Lord so magnanimous in His glances and proofs of affection their faces blossom with His broad smiles that beamed His jasmine-like teeth. (44) Being sung and singing Himself as the commander of hundreds of women wore He the five-colored [Vaijayantî] garland by which He beautified the forest in which He moved about. (45-46) Together with the gopîs He arrived at the river bank that, served by the waves, was cool with its sand and was pleasant of the fragrance of the lotuses carried by the wind. With the Vraja beauties stirring up Cupid took He pleasure in throwing His arms around them in embraces and that way touching their hair, belts, thighs and breasts with His hands, playfully stroking them with His fingernails and glancing at them, chatted He with them and laughed He. (47) This way receiving from Krishna, the Supreme Personality of Godhead, the special attention of the Greater Soul, considered they themselves, growing proud, the best of all women on earth indeed. (48) Observing that they due to their fortune were in an intoxicated state of false pride, disappeared, by way of His grace, Lord Kes'ava from the spot with the purpose of bringing that pride down.'
Footnote:
* The different types of gopîs suggested here are also mentioned in the Padma Purâna:
gopyas tu s'rutayo jñeyâ
rishi-jâ gopa-kanyakâh
deva-kanyâs' ca râjendra
na mânushyâh kathañcana'It is understood that some of the gopîs are personified Vedic literatures (s'ruti-cârî),while others are reborn sages (rishi-cârî), daughters of cowherds (gopa-kanyâs), or demigod maidens (deva-kanyâs). But by no means, my dear King, are any of them ordinary humans.' There is also mention of sâdhana-siddhas and nitya-siddhas: those perfect of spiritual discipline and those born that way.
The Gopîs Search for Krishna Gone with Râdhâ
(1) S'rî S'uka said: 'When the Supreme Lord so suddenly disappeared were the young ladies of Vraja just as sorry not to see Him as she-elephants missing their bull. (2) The smitten ones who in their hearts were overwhelmed by the movements, affectionate smiles, playful glances, charming talks and other games of enticement of the husband of Ramâ, enacted absorbed in Him each of those wonderful activities. (3) The dear ones lost in the movements, smiles, beholding, talking and so on of their Beloved - who factually thus was speaking through the women their bodies - doing so intimated intoxicated by Krishna's ways: 'He's all in me!' (4) So all together singing aloud about Him, searched they like mad hither and thither in the forest and inquired they with the trees for the Original Personality present alike the sky inside and outside: (5) 'O as'vattha [holy fig tree], o plaksha [waved-leaf fig tree], o nyagrodha [banyan], have you seen the son of Nanda, who has gone away after He with His loving smiles and glances stole our minds? (6) O kurabaka [red amaranth], as'oka, nâga, punnâga and campaka, have you seen passing by the younger brother of Balarâma who with His smile removes the pride of each girl that is too haughty? (7) O sweet tulsî, loving Govinda's feet so much, have you seen our dearest Acyuta who carries you with swarms of bees around Him? (8) O mâlati, jâti, yûthikâ and mallikâ jasmine, have you seen Mâdhava pass by, with His touch giving you pleasure? (9) O cûta [mango creeper], priyâla, jambu [jackfruit], âsana, o kovidâra [mountain ebony], rose-apple, arka, bel-fruit, bakula [mimosa], and âmra [mango tree]; o kadamba and nîpa and who else of you who for the sake of others live here near the bank of the Yamunâ, please be so kind to tell us, bewildered of mind, the path that Krishna took. (10) O earth, what austerity is it that you have performed to have been touched by Kes'ava's feet with a joy that made your bodily hair [her grasses and such] stand on end? Or do you maybe owe your beauty to the feet of Vâmanadeva [see 8.18-22] or are you so beautiful because you were trodden and embraced by the body of Varâha [3.13]? (11) O deer wife, o friend, have you encountered Acyuta with His Beloved here, who with all His limbs is a festival to your eyes; there's the fragrance in the air of the Master of the Gopîs His garland colored by the kunkuma of being in touch with the breasts of His Girlfriend. (12) O trees, when Râma's younger brother passed by, with His arm placed on the shoulder of His sweetheart, holding a lotus and with the tulsî flowers swarming with bees following blindly of intoxication - did He with His loving glances acknowledge your bowing down? (13) Let's ask these creepers, even though they embrace the arms of their master tree; they sure must have noticed the touch of His fingernails, just see how their skins erupt with joy!'
(14) The gopîs thus speaking madly got, distraught in their search for Krishna, fully immersed in Him, to which each of them acted out a pastime of their Lord of Fortune. (15) One of them as Krishna drank with another one as Pûtanâ like an infant from her breast, while another acting for the cart was kicked over by the foot of another gopî crying [see chapters 10.6 and 7]. (16) One gopî acting for Krishna was carried away by another gopî imitating a Daitya [Trinâvarta, see 10.7] while yet another one crawling about was tinkling with her anklebells as she dragged her feet. (17) Two as Krishna and Râma and some acting like the gopas killed one doing Vatsâsura while another one with one more did Bakâsura [see 10.11]. (18) Just like Krishna calling for the cows far away was one, who playing in imitation vibrated a flute, by the other gopîs praised with 'Good so!' (19) One of them walked about with her arm placed over a shoulder and declared: 'Look, I am Him, moving so graciously!' and was thus keeping her mind on Him. (20) 'don't you fear that wind and rain, your deliverance has been arranged by Me' thus spoke one with one hand managing to lift up her upper garment [like it was Govardhana Hill, see: 10.25]. (21) O master of men, one that climbed on top of another one declared with her foot on her head: 'O wicked snake, go away, I have taken birth as the one to chastise the envious!' [see 10.16] (22) Then one said: 'O gopas, see the forest fire so fierce; quickly close your eyes, I'll arrange for your protection as easy as that!' (23) One slender gopî tied up by another gopî with a flower garland said: 'There You are, I bind You to the mortar, You potbreaker and butterthief!' and with that spoken covered one her face and beautiful eyes pretending to be afraid.
(24) This way engaged and asking everywhere in Vrindâvana the trees and the creepers where He was, saw they at one spot in the forest the Supreme Soul His footprints: (25) 'Indeed these are clearly the footprints of the son of Nanda as evidenced by the flag, the lotus, the thunderbolt, the barleycorn and the elephant goad [see footnote*]. (26) Guided by the various footprints following His trail noticed the girls to their dismay that they all the way were accompanied by the footprints of one of them, upon which they said: (27) 'And to whom of us belong these footprints next to the ones of the son of Nanda; over whose shoulder has He as a bull with a she-elephant placed His arm? (28) He must have been perfectly venerated [ârâdhitah, see Râdhâ] as the Supreme One Lord and Controller by Her since Govinda so being pleased has turned us down and taken Her separate. (29) O girls, how sacred the particles of dust of Govinda's lotusfeet that by Brahmâ, S'iva and Ramâdevî [Lakshmî] are taken on their heads to dispel the sins. (30) For us are these footprints of Her more then unsettling because who of us gopîs was taken aside to enjoy Acyuta's lips in seclusion? Look, here we don't see Her feet, the blades of grass and sprouts must have hurt the soles of Her tender feet so that Her Love lifted His Sweetheart up. (31) Carrying His sweetheart pressed the footprints much deeper, just see o gopîs, how, burdened by the weight, our so intelligent object of desire Krishna has placed His girlfriend down to pick some flowers. (32) And see these half footprints here; to gather flowers for His Sweetheart made the Beloved this imprint standing on His toes. (33) Further to arrange the design of Her hair sat the affectionate one with His longing girl down precisely here in order to make for His Beloved from the flowers a crown.'
(34) [S'rî S'uka said:] 'He, even though He by the Soul was perfectly contented and in Himself complete, had a good time with Her and thus demonstrated the state of being fallen typical for people in love, as also the self-centered of its femininity. (35-36) This way thus showing for which gopî Krishna had abandoned the other women, the other gopîs who completely bewildered wandered in the forest, thought She therefrom of Herself: 'With Me as the best of all women, is He, rejecting the gopîs that are lead by lust, accepting Me as His Beloved!'
(37) Going then to that spot in the forest said She, getting proud, to Krishna: 'I cannot move on, please carry Me to wherever You want'.
(38) Thus addressed said He to His Beloved: 'Climb on my back' and with these words Krishna disappeared to the pain of His consort.
(39) 'O Master, o Lover, o Dearest, where are You, where are You? O mighty armed One, please My friend show Yourself to Me, Your wretched maidservant!'
(40) S'rî S'uka said: 'The gopîs not far away following the trail of the Supreme Lord discovered their unhappy friend in a state of being bewildered about Her separation from Her Beloved. (41) To their utter amazement heard they Her saying that She had received Mâdhava's respect but that He also because of Her being demanding had let Her down. (42) They thereupon entered as far as the light of the moon permitted into the forest, but finding themselves in the dark desisted the women. (43) Absorbed in Him, discussing Him, imitating Him and filled with His presence simply singing His qualities they no longer remembered their homes [see also 7.5: 23-24]. (44) Turning back to the bank of the Yamunâ meditated they, all singing together, on Krishna, eagerly awaiting His arrival.'
Footnote:
* In the Skanda Purâna is found an explanation of these [in total nineteen] marks: 'At the base of the large toe on His right foot, the unborn Lord carries the mark of a disc, which cuts down the six [mental] enemies of His devotees. At the bottom of the middle toe of that same foot Lord Acyuta has a lotus flower, which increases the greed for Him in the minds of the beelike devotees who meditate on His feet. At the base of His small toe is a thunderbolt, which smashes the mountains of His devotees' reactions to past sins, and in the middle of His heel is the mark of an elephant goad, which brings the elephants of His devotees' minds under control. The joint of His right large toe bears the mark of a barleycorn, representing all kinds of enjoyable opulences. A thunderbolt is found on the right side of His right foot, and an elephant goad below that.' see the Vedabase of 10.30: 25 for further info.
The Songs of the Gopîs in Separation
(1) The gopîs said: 'By Your birth is the land of Vraja more and more glorious and does the goddess of fortune reside there perpetually; indeed o Beloved, may You be seen in all directions, You for whom Your devotees sustain their life airs in search of You. (2) Not being here, o Finest of Grace, do You, with the beauty of Your glance - which excels the exquisite beauty of the heart of the lotus that so perfectly grew in the pond of autumn - kill us, the maidservants who gave themselves to You without expecting anything in return, o Lord of Love; isn't that murder? (3) Time and again, o Greatest Personality, have we by You been protected from all the fearsome: from perishing by the water [of Kâliya, 10.16], from the demon [Agha, 10.12], from the rains, the storm and thunderbolts [of Indra, 10.25] and from the bull and the son of Maya [the incidents with Arishthâsura and Vyomâsura which S'uka discusses later]. (4) O Friend, indeed are You who arose in the dynasty of Your devotees [the Sâtvatas] not the son of the gopî [Yas'odâ]; Your Lordship art the seer, the inner consciousness of all embodied beings, o You who appeared on the request of Brahmâ [thus called Vikhanasâ, 'the one who digs up', see 3.8: 16 and 10.14] who was praying for the protection of the universe. (5) You who took the hand of the goddess, o best of the Vrishnis, brought fearlessness to those who in the fear of their material existence approached Your feet; please, o Lover fulfilling the desires, place Your lotuslike hand on our heads. (6) O Destroyer of the suffering of the inhabitants of Vraja, o Hero of the women who by His own smile defeats the false smiles of the people, please accept, o Friend, us, Your eternal maidservants; please show Your beautiful lotus face. (7) You who of the embodied surrendered to You remove the sins, who is after the grazers, who art the abode of the goddess, who placed His feet on the hoods of the serpent, please put Your lotus feet on our breasts and banish the lust in our hearts. (8) O You with Your lotus eyes, of Your sweet charming voice and words so attractive to the intelligent, are these maidservants, o Hero, losing their minds; please restore us to life with the nectar of Your lips. (9) Your sweet talks as described by the great thinkers do, driving away all sins, bring the wretched back to life and give, charged with spiritual power, upon being heard the spiritual benefit; o how beneficent are the persons who with song spread those talks all over the world [*].
(10) We are happy to meditate Your affectionate smiles of divine love, Your glances and pastimes, but the conversations in secret, which go to the heart, o deceiver, disturb our minds! (11) When You leave Vraja to herd the animals, o Master, are we pained, feeling uncomfortable within, o Lover, thinking of the husks, grasses and sprouting plants sharp to Your feet that are more beautiful, o Master, than a lotus. (12) At the end of the day showing Your bluish black locks and lotus face covered thick with dust, do You time and again bring Cupid to our minds, o Hero. (13) Fulfilling the desires of those who bow down, being worshiped by the one born on the lotus [Brahmâ], being the ornament of the earth and the object proper to meditate upon in times of distress, are the lotus feet giving the highest satisfaction; so please o Lover, o Remover of the Anxiety, place Your feet upon our breasts. (14) By the vibrations of Your flute increases the happiness of love and is the grief destroyed; abundantly kissed [by You] are the attachments to other persons forgotten - please, o hero, distribute to us the nectar of Your lips! (15) When You go to the forest during the day becomes to those who do not see Your curling locks of hair and Your beautiful face, a single moment like an eon; and how foolish is, to the ones who were granted the vision, he [Brahmâ] who created the eyelids! (16) Completely neglecting our husbands, children, ancestors, brothers and other relatives sought we Your presence o Acyuta, You who know the reasons for our movements; o cheater, how could You abandon the women bewildered by the clear sound of Your flute in the night! (17) Privately chatting finding the lust rising in our hearts, seeing Your smiling face and loving glances and Your broad chest that is the abode of the goddess, have our minds, madly craving, over and over been bewildered by You. (18) Your so tender lotus feet we place, o love, gently on our breasts afraid that the forest You roam might be rough to them; we, who consider Your Lordship our very life, are with our minds fluttering concerned for them not to suffer any harm from small pebbles and so.' [see further the S'rî S'rî S'ikshâshthaka]
Footnote:
* The pupils of Prabhupâda here refer to the following story: 'King Pratâparudra recited this verse to S'rî Caitanya Mahâprabhu during Lord Jagannâtha's Ratha-yâtrâ festival. While the Lord was resting in a garden, King Pratâparudra humbly entered and began massaging His legs and lotus feet. Then the King recited the Thirty-first Chapter of the Tenth Canto of the S'rîmad Bhâgavatam, the songs of the gopîs. The Caitanya-caritâmrita relates that when Lord Caitanya heard this verse, beginning tava kathâmritam, He immediately arose in ecstatic love and embraced King Pratâparudra. The incident is described in detail in the Caitanya-caritâmrita (Madhya 14.4 - 18), and in his edition S'rîla Prabhupâda has given extensive commentary on it.'
Krishna Returns to the Gopîs
(1) S'rî S'uka said: 'Thus the gopîs went on singing and speaking, endearingly crying out aloud, hankering, o King, for the audience of Krishna. (2) The son of Vasudeva [or S'auri, 'the Son of the Hero'], the Bewilderer of [Cupid] the bewilderer of the mind, appeared directly before them smiling with His lotuslike face, wearing a yellow garment and a garland. (3) To see Him, their dearest, returned, opened the girls full of affection their eyes wide open and stood they all at the same time up as if life had returned to their bodies. (4) One of them joyfully seized the hand of S'auri with her folded palms while another one put His arm, adorned with sandalwood paste, around her shoulder. (5) A slender one with her hands joined took the remnants of the bethel He had chewed and another one took His lotusfeet and placed them on her burning breasts. (6) One, with frowning eyebrows biting her lips was, beside herself in her love of God, agitated throwing sidelong looks like she would do something to Him. (7) Another one [said to be Râdhâ] with staring eyes relishing His lotus face could, although having the full taste, just like saints meditating on His feet, not get enough. (8) One of them, placed Him through the openings of her eyes in her heart and kept on embracing Him there with her eyes closed, while her hairs stood on end being drowned in ecstasy as if she was a yogi. [*] (9) All of them enjoying a supreme jubilation at the sight of Kes'ava gave up the distress of their separation, just like people in general do when they meet with a spiritually enlightened person. (10) In the midst of them, who were fully relieved of their sorrow, appeared Acyuta, the Supreme Lord, even more brilliant, my dearest, like the Original Personality surrounded by all His transcendental potencies. (11-12) The Almighty One taking them with Him arrived at the soft sandbanks of the Yamunâ that the auspicious river had collected by the hands of her waves. There the kunda and mandâra flowers with their bees bloomed fragrant in the autumnal breeze while the moon, plentifully shining, with its rays dispelled the dark of night. (13) By the ecstasy of seeing Him was the pain of the desires in their heart driven away; they attained the ultimate fulfillment of their souls as is revealed by the scriptures in arranging a seat for their dear friend with their shawls that were smeared by the kunkuma of their breasts [see also 10.87: 23]. (14) He, the Supreme Lord and Controller, for whom the masters of Yoga arrange a seat in their hearts, seated there resplendently was, present in the assembly of the gopîs thus exhibiting His personal form, worshiped as the exclusive reservoir of all beauty and opulence in the three worlds. (15) Honoring Him, the inciter of Cupid, with smiles, with playful glances, sporting their eyebrows and massaging the feet and hands upon their laps, offered they their praise, but still being somewhat incensed they addressed Him. (16) The fine gopîs said: 'Some answer to the love of those who respect them, some show respect [to the ones of action] while that is not the case and some are of no love for any of the two; please o dearest, tell us how it factually is.'
(17) The Supreme Lord said: 'Those who as friends mutually reciprocate exclusively for their own sake, are in that endeavor indeed not to the principle, not of true friendship; they are only after their own self-interest. (18) They who devout are of mercy with those who do not reciprocate, the way e.g. one's parents are, are faultless to the principle in this and of real friendship, o slender girls. (19) Some are sure not even to answer to the love of the devout; what indeed should one say of those who do not reciprocate, of the [spiritually] self-satisfied, of the ones who have all their desires fulfilled, of the ingrates and of those who are inimical towards the venerable? (20) I then my friends, do not always reciprocate with those who are of worship so that their [- and your -] propensity is motivated and there with them, like with a poor man who is most afraid of losing his acquired wealth, is no thought of anything else [see also B.G. : 4.11 and 10.29: 27]. (21) Thus with your for My sake defying of what the people, the scriptures and your relatives say vanished I, My dear girls, actually reciprocating indeed with your compliance unto Me [**]; you should therefore not grumble about your Beloved, My dear ones. (22) Not even living as long as a god in heaven am I able to repay you who so free from deceit are worshiping Me; let that cutting with the difficult to overcome chains of your household lives be returned [be rewarded] by its own virtue.'
Footnotes:
* S'rîla Vis'vanâtha Cakravartî Thhâkura states that the seven gopîs mentioned so far in this chapter are the first seven of the eight principal gopîs of which the S'rî Vaishnava-toshanî in a verse gives the names as being Candrâvalî, S'yâmalâ, S'aibyâ, Padmâ, S'rî Râdhâ, Lalitâ and Vis'âkhâ. The eighth is understood to be Bhadrâ. The Skanda Purâna declares these eight gopîs to be the principal ones among the three billion gopîs and Râdhâ is, as confirmed in the Padma Purâna, Brihad-gautamîya-tantra and the Rig-paris'ishtha, the Lord's most beloved one.
** In fact is intermitted reinforcement as practiced by Krishna so evanescent here, giving the strongest bond so confirms modern behavioral science; and s0 are there with all His religions everywhere in the world days of materially motivated work where we do not see Him, as He vanishes to the background, and days of prayer where we do meet with Him.
The Râsa Dance
(1) S'rî S'uka said: 'The gopîs, thus hearing the most charming words of the Supreme Lord gave, with their eager hearts fulfilled by [their touching] His limbs, up on the [cherished] distress of their having been deserted. (2) Right there engaged Govinda in a dance [a râsa, or sport] in which the faithful jewels among women satisfied joined in linking their arms together.
(3-4) The festive play commenced with the gopîs in a circle that was decorated with, in their midst, Krishna, the Controller of the Mystic Union, who held the women, two by two present beside Him, by their necks. At that moment was the sky crowded by hundreds of celestial carriers belonging to the denizens of heaven and their wives whose minds were carried away in the eagerness of their respect. (5) Kettledrums then resounded and a rain of flowers fell down while the chief singers of heaven with their wives sang of His immaculate glories. (6) In the circle of the dance there was a great rumor of the bracelets, ankle and waist bells of the women being together with their Beloved. (7) The Supreme Lord, the son of Devakî, there with them appeared as handsomely splendid as an exquisite [blue] sapphire in the midst of golden ornaments. (8) The way they placed their feet, by the gestures of their hands, their smiles and playful eyebrows and their bending waists; by their moving breasts, their clothes, their earrings on their necks and their perspiring faces; with the braids of their hair, their belts tied tight and their singing about Him, shone they in the role of Krishna's consorts as streaks of lightening amidst the clouds. (9) Loudly sang they by whose song the entire universe is pervaded with their colored throats, dancing joyfully, delighting in their dedication to the touch of Krishna. (10) One gopî together with Krishna raising [her voice relative to His] in pure tones of close harmony was praised by Him who pleased exclaimed: 'excellent, excellent!' and another one who vibrated along with a special metre He gave a lot of special attention. (11) A certain gopî [Râdhâ probably], with her bracelets and flowers slipping, stood fatigued by the dance aside and grasped with her arm the shoulder of the Master of the Ceremony ['He who holds the club']. (12) Somewhere else placed one Krishna's arm, that was as fragrant as a blue lotus, upon her shoulder and smelling the sandalwood kissed she it with her hairs standing on end. (13) Some other one beautiful with the glittering of her, from the dancing, shaking earrings placed her cheek next to His and was given the bethel He had chewed. (14) One of them who with Krishna standing at her side was dancing and singing with tinkling ankle and waistbells, feeling tired placed Acyuta's auspicious lotushand on her breasts. (15) The gopîs with His arms around their necks having attained the Infallible Lord, the Exclusive Lover of the Goddess of Fortune, as their lover, delighted in singing about Him. (16) With the lotus flowers behind their ears, the locks of their hair decorating their cheeks, the beauty of their perspiring faces and the reverberation of the harmonious sounds of their armlets and bells, danced the gopîs, with the flowers braided in their hair scattered, to the hum of the bees together with the Supreme Lord in the arena of the dance. (17) He, the Master of the Goddess of Fortune, thus with embraces, touches of His hand, affectionate glances and broad playful smiles enjoyed the young women of Vraja just like a boy does playing with His own reflection. (18) From the bodily contact with Him overflowing in their senses was it for the Vraja ladies not easy or possible to keep their hair, dresses and the cloths covering their breasts in good order so that their flower garlands and decorations were in disarray, o best of the Kurus. (19) Seeing Krishna playing became the goddesses hovering in the sky entranced and restless of amorous desires and fell the moon and his followers [the stars] in amazement. (20) Expanding Himself to as many [appearances] as there were cowherd women present enjoyed He, though being the self-satisfied Supreme Lord, His Selves playing with them. (21) Of them, fatigued of the pleasure of the romance, wiped He in loving compassion the faces, my best, with His most soothing hand. (22) Greatly pleased by the touch of His fingernails sang the gopîs of the exploits of their Hero, honoring Him with the nectarean beauty of their smiles, glances, cheeks and locks of hair, shining golden in the effulgence of their earrings.
(23) With His garland crushed and smeared by the kunkuma of their breasts, entered He, as the leader of the Gandharvas accompanied by the swiftly following bees, being tired, in order to dispel the fatigue, the water not unlike a bull-elephant does with his wives having broken the irrigation dikes [or the normal rules of conduct]. (24) In the water was He from all sides splashed by the girls eyeing Him with love and laughter, my best, and being worshiped from the heavenly carriers with a rain of flowers reveled He, who is personally always pleased within, there in playing like the king of the elephants [see also 8.3]. (25) Just like an elephant dripping rut with his wives He then passed, surrounded by the lot of His bees and women, through a grove reaching the Yamunâ that everywhere was filled with the fragrance carried by the wind from the flowers in the water and on the land. (26) In this manner spent He, the Truth of all Desire, with His many adoring girlfriends the night that was so bright of the moonlight. Thereby manifested He within Himself all the romantic gestures in enjoying all those autumn nights that are so very inspiring to poetic descriptions of transcendental moods [or rasas].'
(27-28) S'rî Parîkchit said: 'To establish the dharma and to subdue the ones defiant, descended indeed He, the Supreme Lord, the Controller of the Universe with His plenary portion [Balarâma]. How could He, the original speaker, executor and protector of the codes of moral conduct, behave so to the contrary o brahmin, in touching the wives of others? (29) What did He, so self-satisfied, have in mind with this assuredly contemptible performance, o best of the vowed, please dispel our doubt about this.'
(30) S'rî S'uka said: 'The transgression of dharma and thoughtlessness, as can be observed with spiritual authorities, does not mean they are at fault. They are much like an all-consuming fire [which is not affected by what it consumes]. (31) Someone not in control [with himself] most certainly mustn't even think of ever doing a thing like this; such a one, acting out of foolishness, would find his destruction as good as anybody else but Rudra would with [drinking] the poison from the ocean [see 8.7]. (32) True are the words of the ones in control [with the Lord, with themselves] and what they do should by people of intelligence [only] in some cases be taken as an example to follow, namely in those cases in which that what they do is in accord with that what they said [see also B.G. e.g. 3: 6-7, 3: 42, 5: 7]. (33) As good as, my best, there for those whose acts are egoless is no advantage to be found with what they in their piety do, will they neither suffer any disadvantage when they act contrary to the expectations. (34) How then can we in connection with the Controller of those who are controlled - all the created beings, animals, human beings and denizens of heaven - speak of right or wrong? (35) The sages, whose bondage of karma by serving the dust of the lotusfeet has all been washed away, are satisfied by the power of yoga and act freely, they, on His account, never get entangled; in what sense could one speak of a state of bondage with those who according His will have accepted bodies of a transcendental nature? [see vapu]. (36) He who within the gopîs and their husbands, indeed within all embodied beings, lives as the Supreme Witness, has assumed His form to sport in this world. (37) Assuming a humanlike body to show His mercy to His devotees, does He engage in pastimes about which one hearing becomes dedicated to Him [see also 1.7: 10]. (38) Even though the cowherd men of Vraja were bewildered by the power of His mâyâ were they not jealous with Krishna; they all assumed that their wives stood by their side. . (39) Even though they didn't want to went the gopîs, the sweethearts of the Supreme Lord, on Krishna's advise home after that [endless] night of Brahmâ had passed. (40) Anyone who faithfully listens to or gives an account of this pastime of Lord Vishnu with the cowherd girls of Vraja, will obtain the transcendental devotional service of the Supreme Lord, he will quickly become sober and manage to drive away the disease of lust in the heart.'
Sudars'ana Delivered and S'ankhacûda Killed
(1) S'rî S'uka said: 'One day went the gopas eager for God on a trip with bullock carts into the Ambikâ forest. (2) There bathing in the Sarasvatî they worshiped with paraphernalia devout the mighty demigod Pas'upati [S'iva as the lord of the animals] and the goddess Ambikâ [*], o King. (3) With respect donating to all the brahmins cows, gold clothing and grains that mixed with honey tasted sweet prayed they to that occasion: 'devo nah prîyatâm' [may God be pleased with us]. (4) Submitting to strict vows subsisting on water only [see 8.16] stayed the highly blessed Nanda, Sunanda [Nanda's younger brother] and the others that night on the bank of the Sarasvatî. (5) Some giant snake in that vicinity most hungrily happened to go there slithering on his belly and began to swallow Nanda. (6) He, seized by the python, shouted: 'Krishna, o Krishna, my dear boy, save this surrendered soul, this huge serpent is devouring me!' (7) Upon hearing his cries rose the gopas immediately and seized they, perplexed to see what happened, firebrands to attack the snake. (8) Despite of being burned by the torches did the snake not release Nanda but then came the Supreme Lord, the Master of the Devotees and touched him with His foot. (9) And verily was by the divine touch of the Supreme Lord His foot that badness ended and could appearing from the snake's body left behind a by the Vidyâdharas worshiped form [their leader thus] be seen. (10) The Lord of the Senses then questioned that personality who, head down, with his body adorned with a golden necklace, brilliantly shining stood before Him. (11) 'Who might you be so most beautifully shining and wondrous to see? Tell Me what led to this terrible destination of having been forced to assume such a ghastly form [7.13: 11]?'
(12-13) The [erstwhile] serpent said: 'I am Sudars'ana, a certain Vidyâdhara well-known for his opulence and appearance. I used to wander all the directions in my celestial carrier. Vainglorious having laughed at the sages who came forth from Angirâ was I for my sin of deriding them made to assume this ugly form. (14) They so compassionate of nature for sure with their pronouncing the imprecation have prepared me a blessing because thus, after being touched by the foot of the Master of All Worlds, all my viciousness was destroyed. (15) You, the same person who for the surrendered art the Remover of the fear of a material existence, I beg for Your permission [to return to my world], o You who by the touch of Your foot freed me from the curse, o Destroyer of All Distress. (16) I am surrendered to You o Greatest of All Yogis , o Supreme Personality, o Master of the Truthful, please command me o God, o Controller of all Controllers of the Universe. (17) Seeing You I was immediately freed from the punishment of the brahmins, o Acyuta, You whose name being sung instantly purifies all those who may hear it as well as indeed the singer himself; not mentioning even what it means to be touched by Your foot!'
(18) Thus circumambulating offering his obeisances received Sudars'ana permission to leave His presence so that he could go to heaven and was Nanda delivered from his predicament. (19) To witness that personal display of Krishna's power boggled the minds of the men of Vraja. Directly after the incident they finished their vows and turned back to the cowherd village, o King, [on their way] with reverence recounting what had happened.
(20) Some day thereafter [at Gaura-pûrnimâ one says] were Govinda and Râma, whose deeds are so wonderful, in the middle of the night in the forest playing with the girls of Vraja. (21) Their glories were with charm sung by the womenfolk bound in affection to Them whose limbs were finely decorated and smeared next to the garlands and the impeccable clothes they wore. (22) Earlier that evening honored the both of Them the moon risen, the stars, the jasmine buds that with their fragrance intoxicated the bees who were mad thereafter and the breeze transporting the fragrance of the lotuses. (23) The two sang to the mind and ears of all living beings of the happiness, together producing high and low the entire scale of notes available. (24) The gopîs hearing their singing fascinated as they were didn't notice, o ruler of man, how their dresses slipped and their hair and flowers got disheveled. (25) As the two thus to their heart's content were amusing Themselves singing to the point of ecstasy, arrived a servant of Kuvera at the scene named S'ankhacûda ['wealthy-crest']. (26) Right before their eyes, o King, drove he the gathering of women who had Them for their Lords, dauntless under their cries in the northern direction. (27-28) Seeing how the ones belonging to them like a couple of cows were seized by a thief and were crying 'Krishna, o Râma, help us!', sped the two brothers after them. (29) When he saw how the two like Time and Death were approaching got he afraid and left he in his confusion the women behind to run for his life. (30) Govinda eager after his crest jewel pursued him wherever he fled, while Balarâma stayed behind to protect the women. (31) Overtaking him like it was nothing blew He, the Almighty Lord, with His fist in one blow off his crest jewel together with his head. (32) Thus having killed S'ankhacûda took He the shining jewel to His elder brother and handed He, while the gopîs watching, it over to Him satisfied about what He had done.'
Footnote:
* Ambikâ means mother, good woman, a name scripturally associated with the feminine of Ûma and Pârvatî relating to Skanda, S'iva or Rudra, as a term of respect. Ambikâvana is found in the Gujarat province, near the city of Siddhapura. S'rîla Vis'vanâtha Cakravartî Thhâkura here quotes authorities who claim that Ambikâvana situated at the bank of the Sarasvatî river [that does not exist any longer], is found northwest of Mathurâ. Ambikâvana is notable for its deities of S'rî S'iva and his wife, goddess Ûma.
The Gopîs Sing of Krishna as He Wanders in the Forest
(1) S'rî S'uka said: 'The gopîs with Krishna gone to the forest, with their minds running after Him being unhappy, passed their days singing loudly of Krishna's pastimes.
The gopîs sang:
(2-3)
'Putting His left cheek to the left
of His arm places He,
arching His eyebrows the flute
to His lips stopping the holes
with His tender fingers, o gopîs;
where Mukunda so vibrates
follow in the air the women
together with the perfected,
amazed listening to that
embarrassed of having yielded
to the pursuit of their desires
and forget they the distress
they felt in their minds,
as well as their good order.
(4-5)
Oh girls what a wonder
to hear this from Nanda's son,
the giver of joy to people
in trouble, when He with
His brilliant smile and steady streak
of lightning [the S'rîvatsa or the goddess] on His chest
has sounded His flute.
The groups of bulls
kept in the pasture, the deer
and the cows pricking up
their ears at a distance
stop with their mouths full their teeth
from chewing and stand frozen
as if they were
a picture drawn.
(6-7)
When Mukunda, with an arrangement
of [peacock] feathers, [mineral] colors and leaves,
in clothing looking like a wrestler,
with Balarâma and the gopas,
dear gopîs, calls for the cows,
is indeed the flow
of the rivers broken
as they just like us,
slighting their piety,
with their arms of water
have stopped, trembling
of love hankering for
the dust of the lotus feet
brought by the wind.
(8-9)
When He as the Original Person
indeed, calling with His flute
for the cows, to the prowess
of His inexhaustible opulences
elaborately is hailed
by His company, moving around
in the forest and on the hillsides,
do the creepers and the trees then,
rich with flowers and fruits,
by themselves - as if revealing
Vishnu - bow down
heavy with their branches,
while out of love raining down
torrents of sweet sap
with the growth on their bodies
erect enthralled.
(10-11)
When He as the most
attractive to see
raises His flute,
grateful acknowledging
the dear, strong humming
bee swarms intoxicated
by the honeysweet [subtle] fragrance
of the tulsî flowers around
His divine garland, oh then,
do the cranes, swans and other
birds in the lake
with their minds seized by
the charm of the song
come forward to pay
Him homage with closed eyes,
keeping silent with their
minds in control.
(12-13)
O Vraja-devîs, when He,
being together with Balarâma,
for fun wearing a garland
on His head at the mountain side
gives happiness vibrating
on His flute and makes
the whole world joyfully delight,
then does the deck of clouds,
afraid to offend
such a great personality
in return most gentleminded
thundering and raining
flowers upon his Friend,
offer its shade as a shield.
(14-15)
O pious lady [Yas'odâ],
when your son, an expert
in the various cowherd things
and an original in different styles
of playing, places His flute
to His bimba-red lips
to produce His music
so harmonious in tones,
do the controllers of enlightenment
like Indra, S'iva and Brahmâ
hearing that soundscape,
with the learned going first
bow their heads intimidated
within not being able
to ascertain its essence.
(16-17)
When, honored by His flute,
with the diverse flag, thunderbolt,
lotus and elephant goad markings
of His flowerpetal lotusfeet
the soil of Vraja
with His body, moving
with the grace of an elephant,
is relieved from its pain
created by the hooves [of the cows],
do we, by that walk
in the good of His glances
so playful agitated
by Cupid, in our bewilderment,
like trees transfixed,
not know anymore [of the condition]
of our dresses and braids.
(18-19)
When He, with the garland
of the by Him favored fragrance
of tulsî, counts the cows
on a string of colored beads
and, throwing His arm
over the shoulder of a loving
companion, so now and then sings,
do the wives of the black deer,
the doe, just like the gopîs
who gave up their homely aspirations,
approach that ocean
of transcendental qualities to sit
at His side with their hearts stolen
by the sound that Krishna
produces with His flute.
(20-21)
O sinless lady
your darling child,
the son of Nanda,
with a garland made of jasmine
to His attire and surrounded
by the gopas and the cows
having a good time at the Yamunâ,
was, as He played there amusing
His companions, honored by the wind
blowing gently in His favor
with the scent of sandalwood
and, encircled by the different
categories of the lesser divinities [the Upadevas],
presented with gifts and offered praise
with instrumental music and song.
(22-23)
Caring about the cows
of Vraja and to His feet
as the lifter of the mountain [see 10.25]
being worshiped was He,
at the end of the day
collecting the herd of cows
and playing His flute with His companions,
all along the path by the entirety
of the exalted gods so high
in His glories praised;
this moon born from the womb
of Yas'odâ, who came
with a desire to answer
His friends desires,
was even fatigued
a feast for the eyes
with His garland and color
powdered by the dust
that was raised by the hooves.
(24-25)
With His eyes slightly rolling
of intoxication, honoring
His well-wishing friends,
His garland of forest flowers,
His face paled like a jujube plum [a badara],
the soft line of His cheeks
and the beautiful show
of His earrings of gold,
is the sporting Lord of the Yadus
in His beauty just like
an elephant all regal;
like the king of the night [the moon]
at the end of the day
arriving with His joyful face,
drives He away, to prove
the Vraja cows His mercy,
the hard to endure
painful heat of the day.'
(26) S'rî S'uka said: 'Thus o King, did the women of Vraja with their hearts and minds absorbed in Him enjoy the day in high spirits singing about Krishna's pastimes.'
The Bull Arishthâsura defeated and Akrûra Sent by Kamsa.
(1) The son of Vyâsa said: 'Some time later came to the cowherd village the bull demon named Arishtha who had a huge hump. Ripping open the soil with his hooves trembled the earth of his body. (2) Bellowing very loudly and scraping the ground with his hooves, with his tail upward and with the tips of his horns digging the earth and throwing up clods, was he, with glaring eyes, releasing little bits of urine and stool. (3-4) The fearful sight of his sharp horns and his hump, which looked like a mountain with clouds amassing, terrified the gopas and gopîs that much, my best, that the women and the cows untimely in fear lost their fetuses in miscarriages. (5) The animals panicking ran away from the pasture, o King, while the people all [crying] 'Krishna Krishna!' sought Govinda for shelter. (6) The Supreme Lord, seeing how the entire cow community distraught fled in fear, pacified them with the words 'do not fear' and called out to the bull demon: (7) 'You dull-witted bad creature, how dare you in the presence of Me, the chastiser of foul miscreants like you, to frighten these cowherd people and their animals?!'
(8) Acyuta, the Lord, thus speaking slapped His arms to anger Arishtha with the sound of His palms and assumed a posture thereto in which He threw His serpentine arm over a friend's shoulder. (9) And indeed managed He that way to enrage Arishtha who furiously scratched the earth with his hoof and [then] with his tail raised to the clouds attacked Krishna. (10) Pointing his horns straight ahead staring bloodthirsty from the corners of his eyes at Krishna, ran he full speed like a thunderbolt released by Indra. (11) The Supreme Lord though like a rival elephant seized him by the horns and threw him eighteen feet to the back. (12) Warded off he quickly restored to charge again sweating all over while he mindless in his anger breathed heavily. (13) In his attack was he seized by the horns and made to trip by His foot so that he slapped down to the ground like a wet garment. Next was he struck by the Lord with his own horn [broken off] till he fell flat. (14) Vomiting blood, excreting a mass of urine and stool and throwing his legs about went he then in pain rolling with his eyes to the abode of Death. The gods then scattered flowers upon Krishna in worship. (15) After thus having killed the one with the big hump entered He, that feast to the eyes of the gopîs, while being praised by the twice-born, the cowherd village together with Balarâma.
(16) With the demon Arishtha being killed by the Worker of Miracles, Krishna, spoke then to Kamsa the powerful sage Nârada who had the vision of God: [see 1.6: 25-29] (17) 'The girl of Devakî is Yas'odâ's daughter and Krishna and also Balarâma, the son of Rohinî, are from Vasudeva, who fearfully placed them in charge of his friend Nanda; they were the two who actually have killed your men.'
(18) Hearing that did the lord of Bhoja, in his senses disturbed of anger, take up a sharp sword to kill Vasudeva. (19) Nârada withheld Kamsa [thus in saying ] that Vasudeva's two sons would bring about his death and with that in mind put he him and his wife in iron shackles [see also 10.1: 64-69]. (20) After the deva-rishi had left addressed Kamsa the demon Kes'î in order to send him after Them: 'You're the one to kill the two of Râma and Kes'ava'.
(21) Then he summoned for Mushthika, Cânûra, S'ala, Tos'ala and such, his ministers and his elephant keepers, to whom the king of Bhoja said: (22-23) 'Dear mates, Mushthika and Cânûra, please listen to this o heroes. It turns out that the cowherd village of Nanda is where the two sons of Ânakadundubhi are living. My death was predicted to happen by [the hands of] Krishna and Balarâma. If we get Them to come over here for a game of wrestling you have to kill Them. (24) Build a ring and various stages surrounding it - all subjects in and outside the city should witness how They voluntarily participated in the competition. (25) O elephant-keeper, by you my good man, should the elephant Kuvalayâpîda be taken to the entrance of the arena where my enemies are to be destroyed. (26) Commence according the injunctions the bow-sacrifice on the fourteenth [Caturdas'î] of the month and offer in sacrifice the right kind of animals to the Lord of the Spirits [S'iva], the graceful one. '
(27) Thus having issued his orders called he, cunning as he was in the art of securing his personal interest, for Akrûra ['the one not cruel'], the most eminent Yadu. He took his hand into his own and said: (28) 'Dear master of charity please do me a favor. With all respect, there is no one among the Bhojas and Vrishnis to be found who is as merciful as you. (29) Therefore I depend on you, o kindness, who always carries out his duties soberly, just like Indra, the mighty king of heaven, who achieved his goals by taking shelter of Lord Vishnu. (30) Go to Nanda's cowherd village where the two sons of Ânakadundubhi live and bring Them without delay here on this chariot. (31) The two of Them have, by the gods under the protection of Vishnu, been sent to bring about my death; bring Them together with the gopas headed by Nanda over here, and tell them to take gifts of tribute with them. (32) Brought here I'll have Them killed by the elephant that is as mighty as the time itself, and if They escape from that, will my wrestlers as strong as lightning put an end to Them. (33) And with the two of Them dead will I next kill the pained relatives of whom Vasudeva is the leader: the Vrishnis, Bhojas, and the Das'ârhas [see again 10.1: 67]. (34) With my old father Ugrasena I will deal the same way, he who is so greedy for the kingdom and his brother Devaka and my other enemies. (35) And thus, o friend, will those thorns in this world be destroyed. (36) With my elder relative [father-in-law] Jarâsandha and my dear friend Dvivida and S'ambara, Naraka and Bâna, who indeed are of a strong friendship for me, will I, killing all those conspiring sura kings, enjoy this earth. (37) And now, with this knowledge, bring me quickly the young boys Râma and Krishna to attend here to the bow-sacrifice and to respect the glory of the Yadu capital [of Mathurâ].'
(38) S'rî Akrûra said: 'O King, your way of thinking to clear out the disagreeable is conclusive; one should act with an equal attitude in respect of the perfect and the imperfect, it is destiny after all that produces the results. (39) The common man, even though struck by providence, fervently acts to his desires and is confronted with happiness and distress, nonetheless will I do as you ordered.'
(40) S'rî S'uka said: 'Thus instructing Akrûra and also sending off his ministers entered Kamsa his quarters and returned Akrûra to his own residence.'
Kes'î and Vyoma Killed and Nârada Eulogizes Krishna's Future
(1-2) S'rî S'uka said: 'Then as sent by Kamsa [in 10.36: 20] was there Kes'î, a huge horse that, with his hooves ripping open the earth and with the speed of mind scattering the clouds as well the celestial carriers of the gods, with his manes and neighing frightened everyone. The SupremeLord stepped, in response to the stir of the clouds created by his tail and his whinnying which terrified His cowherd village, thereupon forward to fight and called for Kes'î who searching for Him was roaring like a lion. (3) When he, hard to conquer and approach and agressive with a mouth wide open swallowing the sky, saw Him before him, rushed he furiously forward to attack the lotus-eyed Lord with his legs. (4) Dodging that seized the Lord of the Beyond, alert to it, him with His arms by the legs to whirl him around indifferently and throw him at a distance of a hundred bow lengths, standing there just like the son of Târkshya [Garuda] throwing a snake. (5) He regaining his consciousness rose in bitter rage and ran, opening wide [his mouth], fast for the Lord who on His turn with a smile put His left arm in his mouth like a snake in a hole. (6) As Kes'î's teeth came in touch with the Lord His arm fell they out as if they had come in contact with a redhot iron and swelled the arm of the Supreme Soul having entered his body up like a sick belly [of dropsy] in neglect. (7) With Krishna's arm thus expanding was his breath arrested and fell he, kicking his legs, perspiring all over, rolling with his eyes and excreting feces, lifeless down to the ground. (8) The Mighty-armed One retracting His arm from the dead body that looked like a cucumber [karkathikâ], was, as unassuming as He was in His effortlessly having killed His enemy, from above worshiped by the gods with a rain of flowers.
(9) The devarishi [Nârada], the most exalted devotee of the Lord, o King, said in private to Krishna who is so effortless in His actions this: (10-11) 'Krishna, o Krishna, o Vâsudeva, immeasurable Soul, o Lord of Yoga, o Controller of the Universe, o shelter of each, o You master and very best of the Yadus; You alone are the Soul of all living beings who like fire hidden in firewood resides within the heart as the Witness, the Controller, the Supreme Personality. (12) As the Refuge of the Intelligence of the Spirit Soul You first produced, by Your energy, the modes of nature and through these [then] this thruth [of the Universe], to the drive of which You create, destroy and maintain as the Controller. (13) You, this one [creator] Himself, have in order to protect the saintly descended for the destruction of the demons [Daityas], wildmen [Râkshasas] and tormentors [Pramathas] who impose as leaders. (14) To our fortune have You sportfully killed this demon that assumed the form of a horse of whose neighing the vigilant gods terrified abandoned heaven. (15-20) The day after tomorrow, will I see Cânûra, Mushthika and other wrestlers as also the elephant [Kuvalayâpîda] and Kamsa been killed by You, o Almighty One. Thereafter will follow [the demons] S'ankha, [Kâla-]yavana and Mura as well as Naraka and will You steal the pârijâta flower and defeat Indra. In Dvârakâ will You, o Master of the Universe, be known for marrying the daughters of the heroic [kings] with the gift of Your valor, the deliverance of King Nriga from his curse, capturing the jewel named Syamantaka together with a wife and presenting the dead son of a brahmin [Sândîpani Muni] from Your abode [of death]. Next will You kill Paundraka, burn down the city of Kâs'î [Benares] and see to the demise of Dantavakra and the king of Cedi [S'is'upâla] during the great sacrifice [see also: 3.2: 19, 7.1: 14-15]. About these and other great feats that I will see performed by You as You stay in Dvârakâ will the poets on this earth be singing. (21) Then will I see You as the charioteer of Arjuna with whom You assume the form of Time with the purpose of effectively bringing about the destruction of the complete of the armed forces of this world. (22) Let me approach [You who are] this Supreme Lord, full of the purest spiritual awareness, who in His original identity is completely fulfilled, whose will in none of His exploits can be thwarted and who by the power of His potency is always elevated above the flow of the things happening with the modes of the illusory, material energy. (23) For You, the Controller self-contained, who by the creative potency of Your own Self has arranged for an unlimited number of specific situations so that You could enact and now have taken upon Yourself [the burden of] humanity divided [in warfare], I do bow myself down, You the Greatest of the Yadus, Vrishnis and Sâtvatas.'
(24) S'rî S'uka said: 'The most eminent sage among the devotees thus respectfully of reverence for Krishna, the leading Yadu, received permission to leave and went away being elated of having seen Him. (25) And Govinda, the Supreme Lord who in a fight had killed Kes'î, tended the animals together with the cowherd boys who were so pleased about Him bringing happiness to Vraja. (26) One day, when the gopas were grazing the animals, enacted they at the hillside games of hide and seek playing cops and robbers. (27) In that game were some the thieves, some were the herds while others of them, o King, to that acted as the unsuspecting sheep. (28) A son of the demon Maya named Vyoma ['the sky'], a powerful magician, assumed the disguise of a gopa and engaged in the game as one of the many thieves. Thus he led away almost all the ones who acted as the sheep. (29) One by one threw the great demon them in a mountaincave of which he blocked the entrance with a boulder so that only four or five remained. (30) Finding out what he was doing seized Krishna, the leader of the gopas and shelterer of the saintly, him without mercy just like a lion would seize a wolf. (31) The demon resuming his original form that was as big as a mountain by all means wanted to free himself, but held tightly in His grip was he debilitated not capable of doing so. (32) Holding him fast with His arms forced Acyuta him to the ground and while the gods in heaven were watching killed He him like he was a sacrificial animal [strangled him thus]. (33) Breaking through the blocked entrance of the cave freed He the gopas out of their awkward position and returned He, under the praises of the gopas and the gods, to His cowherd village.'
Akrûra's Musing and Reception in Gokula
(1) S'rî S'uka said: 'Akrûra with his spirits high spending the night in the city of Mathurâ [after 10.36: 40], then mounted his chariot and set off for Nanda's cowherd village. (2) On his way experienced he an exceptional amount of devotion for the greatly fortunate lotus-eyed Personality of Godhead and thought he thus like this: (3) 'What good works have I done, what severe penance did I suffer or of what other worship was I that I today may see Kes'ava? (4) My reaching the presence of the One Praised in the Verses is, I think, for someone with a worldly mind as difficult to achieve as the chanting of the Vedas is for someone of the lowest class. (5) But enough of that, even for a fallen soul like me there is a chance to have the audience of Acyuta; sometimes does someone pulled along by the river of time reach the other shore! (6) Today has the impure been uprooted and bears my birth indeed fruit, for it are the lotuslike feet of the Supreme Lord meditated upon by the yogis that I am going to respect. (7) Kamsa sending me here indeed did me a great service by obliging me to look for the feet of the Lord who descended into this world; it is by the effulgence of His rounded toenails that in the past many succeeded in freeing themselves from the hard to overcome darkness of a material existence. (8) It is they [those feet], worshiped by Lord Brahmâ, S'iva, the other demigods, by S'rî the goddess of fortune, the sages and the devotees, with which He for tending the cows with His companions moved about in the forest that was marked by the kunkuma from the breasts of the gopîs. (9) For certain will I behold the beautiful cheeks and nose, the smiles and glances of His reddish lotuslike eyes and the hair curling around the face of Mukunda; indeed are the deer passing me to the right [an auspicious omen]! (10) No doubt will I today enjoy the direct sight of Vishnu, will I perceive the Abode of Beauty, who by His own desire to diminish the burden of this earth has assumed the form of a human being. (11) He, though being a witness [like me] to the true and untrue, is void of I-ness and has by that personal potency of His dispelled the darkness and bewilderment of an existence in separation [see also 2.5: 14, 2.10: 8-9, 3.27: 18-30 and 10.3: 18]; it is He, who works from the inside out, who by the created beings who manifest themselves when He casts His glance upon the material energy of His creation only indirectly can be seen through the vital airs, senses and intelligence in their bodies [see also 2.2: 35]. (12) The auspicious words, joined with the qualities, activities and the incarnations [of Him and His expansions], destroy all sins in the world and give life, beauty and purity to the entire universe, while words void of these are considered as things beautiful on a corpse. (13) And now has descended indeed in His own dynasty of loyals [Sâtvatas] He who maintains the codes, He who as the chief of the immortals creating delight spreads His fame being present in Vraja as the Controller of whose all-auspicious nature the godly sing. (14) For certain will I today see Him, the destination and spiritual master of the great souls of all three worlds, the real beauty and great feast to all who have eyes, He who exhibits the form that is the desire of the goddess, who is my safe haven of whom all dawns became His auspicious presence. (15) The moment I alight from my chariot to respect the feet of the two Lords, the Principal Personalities to whom even the yogis meditating hold on for their self-realization, will I bow down before Them as also to the friends living with Them in the forest. (16) And having fallen at the base of the feet will the Almighty place upon my head His very own lotuslike hand that makes one unafraid of the serpent of time of whose swift force the people greatly disturbed search for shelter. (17) Putting into that hand a respectful offering attained Purandara [see 8.13: 4] and Bali [see 8.19] as well rulership [the position of Indra] over the three worlds; it is that hand which, during the pastime in contact with the ladies of Vraja, fragrant like an aromatic flower wiped away the fatigue [see 10.33]. (18) Toward me, though being a messenger of Kamsa, will Acyuta develop no attitude of enmity; He is the overseer of everything who inside and outside the heart is the Knower of the field [of the body, see B.G. 13: 3], the Knower who with a perfect vision sees whatever that is sought and tried. (19) Fixed at the base of His feet with joined palms will He look upon me smiling affectionately so that with the immediate eradication of all contamination by His glance I will be freed from doubt and achieve intense happiness. (20) As the best of friends and a family member having Him exclusively as my object of worship, will He embrace me with His two large arms whereupon as a result of which my body instantly will become sanctified and my karma-given bondage will slacken. (21) When I, head down and palms joined, have achieved the physical contact, will Urus'rava ['the Lord of Great Renown'] address me with words like 'O Akrûra, dearest relative' and will thus because of the Greatest of All Persons my birth be a success; indeed is he whose birth is not honored like that to be pitied! (22) No one is His favorite or best friend, nor is anyone indeed disliked, hated or contemptible to Him either [see B.G. 9: 29] and still does He reciprocate with His devotees [see also 10.32: 17-22] for they are just like [desire-] trees from heaven that resorted to give whatever is wished for [see vaishnava pranâma]. (23) Furthermore will His elder brother, the most excellent Yadu, smiling at me standing there with a bowed head embrace me, take hold of my hands and take me into His house to receive me with all respects and inquire how Kamsa fares with the members of His family.'
(24) S'rî S'uka said: 'Thus on his way with his chariot pondering over Krishna reached the son of S'vaphalka [see 9.24: 15] the village of Gokula as the sun was setting behind the mountain, o King. (25) The prints of His feet, of which the rulers of all worlds hold the pure dust on their crowns, saw he in the earth of the pasture: a wonderful decoration distinguished by the lotus, the barleycorn, the elephant goad and so on [see also 10.16: 18 and 10.30: 25*]. (26) The ecstasy of seeing them exited him greatly, made his hair stand on end and filled his eyes with tears; getting down from his chariot he rolled himself in the prints exclaiming: 'Oh this is the dust from my masters feet!' (27) This is what of all embodied beings is the goal of life: to give up the pride, fear and sorrow from being commanded [by mâyâ] when one has within one's sight the signs of the Lord that one hears about and so on [see 7.5: 23-24].
(28-33) In Vraja he saw Krishna and Râma, who with their eyes that looked like autumnal lotuses were going to where the cows were milked, wearing yellow and blue clothes. The two shelters to the goddess were bluish-dark and fair skinned youngsters most beautiful to behold with mighty arms, attractive faces and a gait like that of an elephant. With Their feet marked by the flag, bolt, goad and lotus did the great souls with Their smiles and glances full of compassion beautify the cow pasture. They whose pastimes were so magnanimous and attractive were freshly bathed and wore jeweled necklaces, flower garlands, had Their limbs anointed with auspicious, fragrant substances and were spotless in their apparel. The two original, most excellent persons, who are the Cause and Lord of the universe [see also 5.25] had for the welfare of that universe descended in Their distinct forms of Balarâma and Kes'ava. O King with their effulgence dispelled They, as a mountain of emerald and a mountain of silver both decorated with gold, in all directions the darkness. (34) Quickly climbing down from his chariot prostrated Akrûra, overwhelmed by affection, himself at the feet of Râma and Krishna. (35) Seeing the Supreme Personality was he, because of the tears of joy overflowing his eyes and the eruptions [of ecstasy] marking his limbs, in his eagerness not able to announce himself, o King. (36) The Supreme Lord, the Caretaker of the Surrendered, recognizing him, drew him with His hand marked with a chariot wheel [the cakra] near and pleased embraced him. (37-38) Next embraced the magnanimous Sankarshana [Râma] him who stood there with his head down, and with His hand taking hold of his two hands took He him with His younger brother into the house. Following He inquired whether he had a pleasant journey and offered He him an excellent seat, and washed He, as was prescribed as a form of reverential respect, his feet with sweetened milk. (39) Donating a cow in charity and respectfully giving the tired guest a massage served the Almighty One faithfully him the right food of different tastes. (40) After the meal arranged Râma the Supreme Knower of the Dharma with love further for herbs to serve the tongue and for fragrances and flower garlands to give the highest satisfaction.
(41) Nanda asked the honored one: 'O descendant of Das'ârha, how are you, with the merciless Kamsa alive, that boss that is just like a butcher is with sheep? (42) If he cruel and self-indulgent killed his own sister's babies to her great distress, what then, I dare say, would that mean to his subjects, to someone like you?'
(43) Thus by Nanda properly honored with true and pleasing words put Akrûra aside the fatigue of the road.'
Krishna and Balarâma Leave for Mathurâ
(1) S'rî S'uka said: 'Comfortably seated on a couch after having been that much honored by Râma and Krishna saw he [Akrûra] thus all he on his way had pictured in his mind realized before him. (2) What would be unattainable with the Supreme Lord, the shelter of S'rî, being satisfied; yet do the ones devoted to Him, o King, indeed not desire anything. (3) After the evening meal had been enjoyed asked the Supreme Lord, the son of Devakî about the behavior of Kamsa towards His friends and relatives as also what his plans were. (4) The Supreme Lord said: 'O gentle one, have you recovered from your trip? All good to you! Are your friends and relatives and other associates all healthy and hale? (5) But what my dear, am I to ask about our well-being, our relatives and the subject citizens, as long as that disease of the family Kamsa, in name our maternal uncle, is insolent? (6) Just see how my offenseless parents because of Me had to suffer greatly with him causing the death of their sons and holding them captive. (7) Today has the wish been fulfilled that We may enjoy the good fortune of you, My close relative, seeking My presence, o gentle one; please explain o uncle for what reason you came here.'
(8) S'rî S'uka said: 'On the request of the Supreme Lord described the descendant of Madhu [Akrûra, see 9.23: 29] the inimical attitude and the murder schemes [of Kamsa] towards Vasudeva and the Yadus. (9) He disclosed for what message he had been sent as an envoy and what Nârada had told him [Kamsa] about Krishna's being born as a son of Ânakadundubhi. (10) Hearing what Akrûra had to say made Krishna and Balarâma, the destroyer of all boldness in opposition, laugh and they told Nanda, their (foster-)father, what the king had ordered. (11-12) The gopas he then on his turn told: 'Gather all dairy, take gifts and yoke the wagons. Tomorrow will we together with all the people under my care go to Mathurâ to offer the king our products and have a great festival', and so had the gopa Nanda it announced by spokesmen all over his domain.
(13) The cowherd-girls then who heard that Akrûra had come to Vraja to take Râma and Krishna to the city, got totally upset. (14) With some of them created that in their hearts such a great pain that they with their beautiful faces sighing turned pale while of others the knots in their hair, their bracelets and dresses came to slip. (15) With others, fixed in meditation on Him, ceased, just like with those who have attained the realm of self-realization, all the sensory functions taking no notion of this world anymore. (16) Still other women fainted, thinking of how S'auri sending His loving smiles would touch the heart and express Himself in wonderful phrases. (17-18) Thinking about the movements so charming, the activities, the affectionate smiles, the glances removing all unhappiness, the jesting words and mighty deeds of Mukunda, joined they in fear of the separation greatly distressed in groups speaking deeply absorbed in Acyuta with tears on their faces. (19) The fine gopîs said: 'O providence, where is your mercy to bring together the embodied in love and friendship while you leave each of us to her devices unfulfilled in her aims; how useless you toy with us like a child! (20) Having shown to us the face of Mukunda framed in black locks, His fine cheeks and straight nose and the beauty of His modest smile dispelling the misery, you're not doing any good making them invisible. (21) By the name of Akrûra [meaning 'not-cruel'] you for certain are cruel; the Perfection of All Creation, the perfection of the enemy of Madhu, that you once granted our eyes to see you indeed just like a fool alas take away. (22) Alas, now that He has taken up a new love, does the son of Nanda, in a second breaking with His friendship, have no eyes for us who under His control in direct service to Him were moved to give up our homes, relatives, children and husbands.
he dawn after this night when unfailingly the hopes have been fulfilled of the women of the city [of Mathurâ] who will drink in the face of the master of Vraja entering there with a nectarean smile that is hiding in the corners of His eyes. (24) However subservient and intelligent Mukunda may be, once His mind is seized by their honey-sweet words, o girls, what chance have we that He, moved by the enchantments of their bashful smiles, will return to us rustics? (25) Today will there certainly be a great festival to the eyes of the Dâs'ârhas, Bhojas, Andhakas, Vrishnis and Sâtvatas and all others out there when they on the road see passing by the Darling of the Goddess, the reservoir of all transcendental qualities that is the son of Devakî. (26) The name of such an unkind person, a person as extremely cruel as him here, shouldn't be 'a-krûra' because he without any excuse takes away from the presence of us people [of Vraja] full of sorrow, the One dearer to us than the dearest. (27) This one, He who, to the indifference of the elders, so coolly has mounted the chariot, is by these besotted gopas followed in their bullock carts; today providence is not working in our favor. (28) Let's go to Him and stop Him, He cannot do this to us, the family, the elders and our relatives who not even for a half a second can miss the association of Mukunda; separated by that fate our hearts will be broken! (29) For us who to the charm of His loving affection, attractive smiles, intimate discussions and playful glances and embraces, were brought to the assembly of the râsadance [10.33], passed the night in a moment; how, o gopîs, can we now get over the insurmountable darkness of being without Him? (30) How can we ever exist without Him, that Friend of Ananta [Râma] who at the end of the day, surrounded by gopas entered Vraja with His hair and garland smeared with the dust of the hoofs and who, playing His flute, smiling from the corners of His eyes, with His glances stole our minds?'
(31) S'rî S'uka said: 'Thus speaking hopelessly unsettled of the separation, forgot the ladies of Vraja, in attachment thinking of Krishna, all their shame and cried they out aloud: 'O Govinda, o Dâmodara, o Mâdhava!'
(32) As the women thus lamented then set at sunrise Akrûra, having performed his morning duties, out with his chariot. (33) The gopas headed by Nanda following Him then in their wagons brought along an abundance of offerings and clay pots filled with dairy products. (34) The gopîs to that, following Krishna hoping for some pacifying words to comfort them, stood waiting. (35) Seeing them thus lamenting as He was leaving, consoled the Greatest of the Yadus them full of love giving the message: 'Keep courage' [*]. (36) Sending their minds after him for as long as the flag was visible and the dust of the chariot could be seen, stood they there as painted figures. (37) They without hope of ever seeing Him returning, full of sorrow went back spending their days and nights singing about the activities of their Beloved.
(38) With the chariot swift as the wind arrived the Supreme Lord together with Râma and Akrûra, o King, at the Yamunâ, the river defeating all sin. (39) After touching the water there, drinking the sweet liquid as effulgent as jewels from His hand, moved He on to a grove and mounted He with Balarâma the chariot. (40) Akrûra asking Them to stay behind on the chariot went to a pool of the Yamunâ and performed his bath according the injunctions. (41) Immersing himself in that water reciting perennial mantras saw Akrûra before him the both of Râma and Krishna together. (42-43) He thought: 'How can the two sons of Ânakadundubhi present on the chariot be here; let's see if they're still there', and rising from the water saw he Them sitting where he left Them. Again entering the water alone he wondered: 'Was it perhaps a hallucination of me seeing Them in the water?' (44-45) And again in that same place saw he the Lord of the Serpents [Ananta or Balarâma], the Godhead with the thousands of heads, hoods and helmets, clad in blue and white like the filaments of a lotus stem, situated as if He were mount Kailâsa with its white peaks, with the perfected, the venerable ones, the singers of heaven and the ones of darkness bowing their heads. (46-48) On His lap there was, like a dark cloud clad in yellow silk, the Original Personality with the four arms in peace; with reddish eyes like the petals of a lotus; an attractive cheerful face with a charming, smiling glance; fine eyebrows, ears and a straight nose; beautiful cheeks and red lips; a broad chest and high shoulders; stout, long arms and a conchshell-like neck; a deep navel and a belly with lines like those of a [banyan] leaf. (49-50) Tight were His buttocks and hips, like an elephant's trunk His two thighs and shapely His two knees and attractive the pair of shanks He had. High were His ankles, reddish the rays emanating from His toenails and glowing like flower petals the soft toes surrounding the two big toes. (51-52) Adorned with a helmet bedecked with great and precious gems, with bracelets, armlets, a belt, a sacred thread, necklaces, ankle bells and earrings, carried He an effulgent lotus, a conchshell, a disc and held He a club in His hands to the S'rîvatsa on His chest, the brilliant Kaustubha jewel and a flower garland. (53-55) He was awaited by His attendants with Nanda and Sunanda first. By Sanaka and the others [the Kumâras], by the leading demigods headed by Brahmâ and S'iva, by the foremost twice-born [headed by Marîci] and by the most exalted devotees lead by Prahlâda, Nârada and Vasu, was He, according each his different type of loving attitude, praised in sanctified words and served by His [feminine] internal potencies of fortune [S'rî], development [Pushthi or also strength], speech [Gîr or knowledge], beauty [Kânti], renown [Kîrti], contentment [Tushthi or renunciation - these first ones are His six opulences]; comfort [Ilâ, bhû-s'akti, the earth-element or sandhinî] and power [Ûrjâ, expanding as Tulasî]; His potencies of knowing and ignorance [vidyâ and avidyâ, leading to liberation and bondage]; His internal pleasure potency [S'akti or hlâdinî], his marginal potency [jîva-s'akti] and His creative potency [Mâyâ].
(56-57) Witnessing this to his great pleasure, stood he [Akrûra] there, enthused with supreme devotion, with the hairs on his body erect and with his eyes and body getting wet of loving ecstasy. Getting himself together offered the great devotee with his voice choked his respects bowing his head down and joined he his hands attentively praying slowly.'
* The Sanskrit root to the verb used here is âyâsya, meaning agile, dexterous, valiant, and is by some translators interpreted as returning. But since Krishna will not return to Vraja but by sending Uddhava later on as also by Balarâma who once comes back, has been chosen here for the literal: 'mind to be valiant' of the 'âyâsye iti' for: 'keep tight, hold on, keep courage, stay strong'.
Akrûra's Prayers
(1) S'rî Akrûra said: 'I bow down to You, o Cause of All Causes, Lord Nârâyana, o Original Inexhaustible Person from whose navel generated the lotus on the whorl of which Lord Brahmâ appeared from whom came about this world. (2) Earth, water, fire, air, ether and where that is from [the false ego]; the mystifying totality of matter [see footnote 10.13: ***] and her origin [the spirit], the mind, the senses, the objects of all the senses and the demigods are all the [separate secondary] causes of the universe that have generated from Your [transcendental] body. (3) They, under the direction of the material realm, do because of its inertia not know the true identity of the Supreme Self, the Soul of You indeed; the unborn one [Brahmâ] seized by the modes of material nature is bound to follow them; he does not know Your true form superior to the modes [see also 10.13: 40-56]. (4) It is certainly for You, the Supreme Personality and Controller with oneself, with others, with the greater of nature and with the saints, that the yogis perform sacrifice. (5) Some brahmins in respect of the three sacred [agni-traya] fires worship You by means of the mantras and the three Vedas elaborately with various rituals for demigods of different names and forms. (6) Some in the pursuance of knowledge in resignation of all fruitive actions attain peace by the sacrifice of cultivating knowledge in worship of the embodiment of knowledge [the guru, the Lord; see e.g. B.G. 4: 28; 17: 11-13; 18: 70]. (7) And others, whose intelligence is purified through the principles [the vidhi] that You offer, worship You filled with thoughts about You as the one form that has many forms. (8) Yet others worship also You, the Supreme Lord, by following the different presentations of many teachers to the form of S'iva in treading the path layed out by Lord S'iva. (9) They all, even though they as devotees of other divinities have their attention elsewhere, do worship You who as the Controller comprises all the gods [see B.G. 9: 23]. (10) Like the rivers that filled by the rain springing from the mountains from all sides enter the ocean, o master, do similarly all these paths [of the demigods] finally lead to You [see B.G. 2: 70; 9: 23-25, 10: 24 and 11: 28]. (11) All the conditioned living beings from the immobile up to Lord Brahmâ are in this entangled in the qualities [gunas] of goodness [sattva], passion [rajas] and slowness [tamas] of Your material nature [see B.G. ch 14]. (12) My obeisances to You, aloof in Your vision, who as the consciousness and Soul of everyone and as the Witness to the flow of the material modes as constituted by Your lower energy, makes Your way among those presenting themselves as gods, humans and animals. (13-14) One thinks of fire as Your face, earth as Your feet, the sun as Your eye, the sky as Your navel and the directions as Your sense of hearing; heaven is Your head, the ruling demigods are Your arms, the ocean is Your abdomen and the wind Your vital air and physical strength. The trees and the plants are the hairs on Your body, the clouds are the hair on Your head, the mountains are the bones and nails of the Supreme of You, day and night are the blinking of Your eye, the founding father is Your genitals and the rain is considered Your semen [see e.g. also 2.6: 1-11]. (15) Within You, their Inexhaustible One Personality comprising all mind and senses, originated together with their rulers the worlds including the many souls that crowd them just like the aquatics that move about in the water or the small insects in an udumbara fig.
(16) For the sake of Your pastimes in this world You manifest various forms by whom the people, cleansed with them of their unhappiness, full of joy sing Your glories. (17-18) My respects to You the Original Cause who in the form of Matsya [the fish, see 8.24] moved about in the ocean of dissolution and to Hayagrîva [the horsehead, see 5.18: 6]; my obeisances to You, the slayer of Madhu and Kaithaba; to the huge master tortoise [Kûrma, see 8.7 & 8] who held the mountain Mandara; my reverence and all hail to You in the form of the boar [Varâha, see 3.13] whose pleasure it was to lift up the earth from the ocean. (19) Obeisances to You the amazing lion [Nrisimha, see 7.8 & 9], o Remover of the fear of the saintly wherever they are and to You who as the dwarf [Vâmana, see 8.18-21] stepped over the three worlds. (20) All honor to You, the Lord of the descendants of Bhrigu [Paras'urâma, see 9.15 & 16] who cut down the forest of conceited nobles and my obesicances to You the best of the Raghu-dynasty [Lord Râma, see 9.10 & 11] who has put an end to Râvana. (21) My obeisances to You Lord Vâsudeva, my obeisances to the Lord of the Sâtvatas and to Lord Sankarshana [His in ego], Pradyumna [His in intelligence] and Aniruddha [His in mind, see further 4.24: 35 & 36]. (22) My obeisances to Lord Buddha [He as the awakened], the Pure One, the bewilderer of the demoniac descendants of Diti and Dânu and my respects for You in the form of Lord Kalki [the Lord to come 'for the foul'] the annihilator of the offensive meat-eaters [mlecchas] posing for kings [see also 2.7].
(23) O Supreme Lord, the individual souls in this world are bewildered by Your deluding material energy [mâyâ] and are to the false conceptions of 'I' and 'mine' [asmitâ] made to wander along the paths of fruitive activities [karma]. (24) Also I am, concerning my body, children, home, wife, wealth, followers and so on, deluded in foolishly thinking that they, being more like a dream, would be true, o Mighty One. (25) Taking pleasure in the temporal that is not the real self and in [things that are factually] sources of misery have I with a mind of thinking to the contrary lusted in duality and have I, absorbed in ignorance, failed to recognize You as the One most dear to me. (26) Like a fool overlooking water covered by the plants growing in it and like someone running after a mirage, have I the same way turned away from You. (27) I, with a of desires and profitminded labor pitiable intelligence, couldn't find the strength to check my disturbed mind that by the so very powerful, willfull senses was dragged from here to there [see B.G. B.G. 13: 1-4, picture & 5.11: 10].
(28) Being so am I approaching Your feet that - as also is the case with Your mercy - are impossible to attain for the ones impure, o Lord. And to that I keep in mind that, when it of a person happens that his wandering in the material world comes to a stop, the [stable] consciousness will develop by worship of the true [the devotees, association, teachers, scriptures and natural time] of You, whose navel is like a lotus. (29) My obeisances to the Embodiment of Wisdom, the Source of All Forms of Knowledge, to Him, the Absolute Truth of unlimited potencies, who predominates over the forces that control the person. (30) My reverence for You the son of Vasudeva, in whom all living beings reside and my homage o Lord of the Senses to You; please protect me, o Master, in my being surrendered.'
The Lords' Arrival in Mathurâ
(1) S'rî S'uka said: 'While he [Akrûra] was praying withdrew Krishna, the Supreme Lord, having shown His personal form in the water, Himself the way an actor winds up his performance. (2) When he saw that the image had disappeared, emerged he quickly from the water, finished he his ritual duties and went all-surprised to the chariot. (3) Hrisîkes'a asked him: 'Have you seen something miraculous on the earth, in the heavens or in the water? We gather you did!'
(4) S'rî Akrûra said: 'Whatever wonderful things there are out here on the earth, in the sky or in the water, are all in You who comprises everything; what would I not have seen seeing You? (5) Beholding You, the One Person in whom are found all wonders of the earth, the sky and the waters, o Absolute of the Truth, what else would amaze me to see in this world?'
(6) With those words drove the son of Gândinî [Akrûra] the chariot forward in order to take Râma and Krishna to Mathurâ at the end of the day. (7) The people of the villages here and there on the road approaching, were pleased to see the sons of Vasudeva o King, and couldn't take their eyes of Them. (8) Nanda, the gopas and the rest of the inhabitants of Vraja who by then had arrived at a park outside the city, were staying there to wait for Them. (9) Catching up with them said the Supreme Lord, the Master of the Universe, to the humbly smiling Akrûra while taking his hand into His own: (10) 'You go ahead and first enter with the chariot the city and go home while We from our side will alight here and thereafter will see for the city.'
(11) S'rî Akrûra said: 'How can I without the two of You enter Mathurâ, o Master? don't let me down o Lord, o Caretaker of the Devotees, I'm Your devotee! (12) Please come, let's go with Your elder brother, the gopas and Your friends, and make it so, o Lord of the Beyond, that our house has a master. (13) Please bless with the dust of Your feet the home of us so attached to household rituals and may with that purification my forefathers, the sacrificial fires and the demigods be satisfied. (14) The great king Bali bathing the two feet became glorious [see 8.19] and achieved unequaled power and the destination indeed reserved for the unalloyed devotee. (15) The water washing from Your feet purely spiritual has purified the three worlds and the sons of king Sagara [9.8] who with Lord S'iva taking it on his head [9.9] went to heaven. (16) O God of the Gods, o Master of the Universe about whom one in piety hears and chants, o Best of the Yadus, o Lord Praised in the Verses, o Nârâyana, may there be all homage to You.'
(17) The Supreme Lord said: 'I will come to your house accompanied by My elder brother; when I kill my enemy in the midst of the Yadus [Kamsa] will I grant My well-wishers the satisfaction.'
(18) S'rî S'uka said: 'Thus addressed by the Supreme Lord entered he, Akrûra, somewhat disheartened the city to inform Kamsa of the success of his mission and went he home. (19) Later in the afternoon joined by the gopas entered Krishna together with Sankarshana [Râma] Mathurâ to take a look around. (20-23) He saw it with its high main gates and doorways of crystal, its doors of gold and immense archways with copper and brass and with its storehouses and its inviolable moats, beautified by public gardens and attractive parks. The intersections with gold, the mansions with their pleasure gardens, the assembly halls of the guilds and the houses their columned balconies and ornate paneled rafters were bedecked with vaidûrya gems, diamonds, quartz crystals, sapphires, coral, pearls and emeralds. It vibrated of the pet doves and peacocks sitting in the openings of the lattice windows and on the gem-studded floors and on its avenues, streets and courtyards that were sprinkled with water there [for a welcome] were scattered garlands, new sprouts, parched grains and rice. The doorways of the houses were nicely decorated with pots full of yogurt smeared with sandal paste, ribbons and flower petals, rows of lamps, leaves, bunches of flowers, trunks of banana trees and betel-nut trees and flags. (24) As the sons of Vasudeva entered there surrounded by their friends, hurried the women of the city to crowd at the side of the king's road and climbed they also eager for a look on top of their houses, o King. (25) Some had put on their clothes backwards and forgotten one of the pair of their ornaments putting on one earring or one set of ankle bells only; other ladies made up one eye but not the other one. (26) Some had abandoned the meals they were taking or didn't finish in their excitement their massage, their bathing or did, hearing the commotion, get up not finishing their nap or put as mothers aside the infant they were feeding milk. (27) Walking like a bull elephant in rut, stole He boldly with the glances of His lotuslike eyes and game of smiles their minds affording their eyes a festival with His body, that source of pleasure to the Goddess of Fortune. (28) Seeing Him whom they repeatedly had heard about melted their hearts receiving the honor of being sprinkled by the nectar of His glances and broad smiles and embraced they through their eyes within themselves with goose pimples their idol of ecstasy, giving up their endless distress [of missing Him], o subduer of the enemies. (29) Having climbed the rooftops of their mansions showered the attractive women with faces blooming with affection like lotuses Balarâma and Kes'ava with flowers. (30) With yogurt, barleycorns and pots with water, fragrant substances and other items of worship were the Two joyfully at several places worshiped by the twice-born. (31) The women of the city said: 'Oh what great austerity have the gopîs performed indeed constantly seeing these Two, who for the human society are the greatest source of pleasure.'
(32) The elder brother of Gada [Balarâma see 9.24: 46] approached a certain washerman engaged in dyeing and asked him for first class clean garments. (33) 'Please, best man, give the two of Us some suitable clothes; for you when you donate them to the two of us who deserve it, will there be the highest benefit, that suffers no doubt!'
(34) He, requested by the Supreme Lord absolute and full in every way, insolent spoke angered most falsely proud as a servant of the king. (35) 'Isn't it impudent of You, who roam the mountains and the forests, to want to put on garments like these that are the king his things? (36) Get lost You fools, don't beg like this if You want to live, I swear, people as bold as You are by the king's men arrested, killed and looted!''
(37) He who thus humiliated Them raised the anger of the son of Devakî who with the side of one hand hit his head down from his body. (38) When all his assistants fled down the road in all directions and left behind the bundles of clothes, took Acyuta the garments. (39) Throwing away on the ground several of them dressed Krishna and Balarâma Themselves with a set of clothes to Their liking and gave They the rest to the gopas. (40) Next came a weaver who full of love for Them befittingly ornamented Their clothing with pieces of cloth of different colors. (41) Krishna and Râma with each His own specific high quality outfit and nice decorations looked as resplendent as a pair of young elephants, one light and one dark, adorned for a festival. (42) The Supreme Lord pleased with him [the weaver] granted him sârûpya [the beatitude of His likeness, see also mukti] with in this world the same supreme opulence, physical strength, influence, memory and sense-control.
(43) Then went the Two of Them to the house of Sudâmâ ['well-giving'], the garland-maker, who seeing Them stood up and then bowed down putting his head to the ground. (44) With seats for Them he brought water to wash Their feet and hands and presents and such, and performed he for the Two worship with garlands, betel-nut and sandalwood paste. (45) He said: 'Our birth has been worthwhile and the family has been purified, o Master, and with me are my forefathers, the gods and the seers satisfied about Your having arrived. (46) You two indeed, the Ultimate Cause of the Universe, have with Your plenary portions descended here for the protection and the happiness of the world. (47) With You there is, even though reciprocating with those who are of worship, no bias because You in Your vision, as the Soul of the Universe, are equal to all living beings as well-wishing friends. (48) You Two should order me, Your servant, what I should do for You; this indeed is for anyone the greatest blessing: thus to be engaged by You.'
(49) S'uka said: 'With that consideration, o best of kings, presented Sudâmâ steeped in love garlands made of fresh and fragrant flowers. (50) With those beautifully adorned gave the two benefactors Krishna and Râma, who together with Their companions were most satisfied, the surrendered one bowing down all that he wished for. (51) And he chose for unshakable devotion to Him alone, the Supreme soul of the Complete, for friendship with all living beings and to be blessed with transcendence. (52) Thus granting him the benediction and prosperity, a thriving family, strength, a long life, renown and beauty, left He together with His elder brother.'
The Breaking of the Sacrificial Bow
(1) S'rî S'uka said: 'Walking the king's road saw Krishna a woman carrying a tray with ointments for the body. She, hunchbacked [*], young and with an attractive face was by the Bestower of the Essence with a smile asked where she was going: (2) 'Who are you with your nice thighs? Ah, look at all those ointments! Or tell Us, if you like, honestly for whom they are meant dear woman. Please offer the two of Us that ointment for the body and following will there soon be the supreme benefit for you.'
(3) The maidservant said: 'O handsome One, I am a servant of Kamsa known as Trivakrâ ['three-bend'] respected indeed for my work with ointments that prepared by me are very dear to the chief of the Bojas. But okay, who else but the two of You would deserve them?'
(4) With her mind overwhelmed by the beauty, charm and sweetness of the talking, the smiles and glances gave she them plenty of ointment. (5) With adorning Their bodies with the colors which contrasted with their complexions proved the ointments to be of the highest quality and appeared they thus being anointed beautifully. (6) To deliver proof of the benefit of meeting Him decided the satisfied Supreme Lord to straighten the crooked back of Trivakrâ who had such an attractive face. (7) With both His feet pressing down on her toes took He with His hands hold of her chin and raised Acyuta, pointing two fingers upwards, her body. (8) She then straight by Mukunda's touch all of a sudden had become a woman most perfect with evenly proportioned limbs and large hips and breasts. (9) With that endowed with beauty, quality and good feelings addressed she, to the roused idea of sleeping with Him, with a smile Kes'ava by pulling the end of His upper garment. (10) 'Come o hero let's go to my house, I cannot bear to leave You here, please have mercy, o Best of All Men, with me whose head is reeling.'
(11) With this request of the woman glanced Krishna at Balarâma who watched what happened and then at the gopas and said laughing to her: (12) ''I'll visit your place, o beautiful eyebrows, when I have accomplished what I came for. That will do us, travelers far from home, good. For you are the best one might wish for.'
(13) Leaving her with these sweet words was He, walking down the road with His brother, by the merchants honored with various offerings of betel nut, garlands and fragrant substances. (14) With Him before their eyes couldn't the women think straight any longer agitated as they were by Cupid and stood they nailed to the ground with their clothes, bangles and hair in disorder. (15) After asking the residents were the place was the sacrificial bow could be found, entered Acyuta there. It was a bow as magnificent as a rainbow, the bow of Indra. (16) The bow, guarded by many men and worshiped with the greatest wealth, was by Krishna picked up after He with force had passed the guards who tried to block His way. (17) Before the guards their eyes lifted He in a second it easily with His left hand. Next pulling its string, broke Urukrama ['giant-step'] it right in half like He was an elephant eager for a piece of sugar cane. (18) The sound of the breaking bow penetrated all directions of the sky and the earth, which made Kamsa who heard it tremble with fear. (19) Trying to get hold of Him were He and His comrades surrounded by the guards who taking up their weapons enraged shouted: 'Grab Him, kill Him!' (20) Seeing their evil intentions Balarâma and Kes'ava thereupon each of Them taking a piece of the bow vehemently struck them down.
(21) After they also slew an armed force sent by Kamsa, walked the Two out of the gate of the arena happy to observe the exciting riches of the city. (22) The citizens who had witnessed that amazing heroic act of Them deemed Them, for Their strength and boldness, the finest gods. (23) Freely wandering around began the sun to set and returned Krishna and Râma accompanied by the gopas to the place outside the city where they had left their wagons. (24) The words about benedictions in Mathurâ that by the gopîs, who were tormented by feelings of separation, were spoken when Mukunda left [10.39: 23-25], proved themselves as true for those who had the full scope of the body of this paragon of male beauty, the shelter for whom indeed the goddess of fortune was of such a hankering that she therewith forgot about the others who worshipped her. (25) After the both of Them had bathed their feet and eaten boiled rice with milk, spent They there fully aware of Kamsa's scheme, the night quite comfortably. (26-27) But Kamsa with his bad mind for long couldn't catch sleep having heard of the game Govinda and Râma had played in breaking the bow and killing his little army of guards. In his fear saw he as well in his sleep as being awake many bad omens and messengers of death before his mind's eye. (28-31) He couldn't see the mirror-image of his own head and for no reason saw he the heavenly bodies present in a double image; in his shadow he saw a hole, the sound of his breath he couldn't hear, he saw a golden hue over the trees and couldn't spot his own footprints. In his sleep was he embraced by ghosts, rode he a donkey, swallowed he poison and saw he someone going about naked, smeared with oil wearing a garland of nalada flowers [indian spikenards] and more of such omens. Seeing these forebodes of death asleep as well as awake was he that mortally afraid that he couldn't sleep anymore.
(32) When the night had passed, o descendant of Kuru, and the sun rose from the water, had Kamsa as planned the great wrestling festival carried out. (33) The king's men ceremoniously vibrated in the arena musical instruments and drums and decorated the galleries with garlands, flags, ribbons and arches. (34) Upon them were comfortably seated the citizens and the people from elsewhere preceded by the state officials and the brahmins who together with the royalty received special seats. (35) Kamsa surrounded by his ministers sat, positioned in the midst of his governors, trembling at heart on the royal dais. (36) As the musical instruments were played in the meters appropriate came and sat down the prominent, proud and richly ornamented wrestlers together with their instructors. (37) Canura, Mushthika, Kûtha, S'ala and Tos'ala enthused by the pleasing music all took their place on the wrestling mat. (38) The gopa Nanda leading the cowherds called forward by the king of Bhoja [Kamsa] presented his offerings and sat down in one of the galleries.'
Footnote:
* The pupils of Prabhupâda elucidate: 'According to S'rîla Vis'vanâtha Cakravartî Thhâkura, the young hunchbacked girl was actually a partial expansion of the Lord's wife Satyabhâmâ. Satyabhâmâ is the Lord's internal energy known as Bhû-s'akti [see 10.39: 53-55], and this expansion of hers, known as Prithivî, represents the earth, which was bent down by the great burden of countless wicked rulers. Lord Krishna descended to remove these wicked rulers, and thus His pastime of straightening out the hunchback Trivakrâ, as explained in these verses, represents His rectifying the burdened condition of the earth.'
Krishna Kills the Elephant Kuvalayâpîda
(1) S'rî S'uka said: 'After Krishna and Râma had washed Themselves, o chastiser of the enemies, heard They the vibrations of kettledrums and went they there to take a look. (2) Reaching the gate of the arena saw Krishna standing there the elephant Kuvalayâpîda, directed by his keeper. (3) Tightening His clothes and tying together His curly locks, spoke He with words grave like the rumbling clouds to the elephant keeper: (4) 'Elephant keeper, o elephant keeper, give way to us, move aside right now or else will I send you with your elephant today to the abode of Yama [the lord of death].'
(5) Thus threatened goaded the angered elephant keeper the fierce elephant that was alike Yama, the time and death, toward Krishna. (6) The master elephant running forward violently seized Him with his trunk, but striking him He escaped from the grip and disappeared between his legs. (7) Infuriated not seeing Him spotted he Him by his sense of smell and took he hold of Him with the end of his long nose, but using force He freed himself once more. (8) Grabbing him by the tail dragged Krishna him, as easy as Garuda does with a snake, that mountain of power for twenty-five bow-lengths. (9) Acyuta with moving him to the left and to the right was also moved about by him, just like a calf with a young boy [at its tail] would [see also 10.8: 24]. (10) Then coming face to face, slapped He the elephant with His hand, ran away and thus hitting him at each step, made He him trip. (11) He, running, acted as if He fell to the ground, but then He suddenly got up so that the elephant angrily came to strike the earth with his tusks. (12) With his prowess foiled got that lord of the elephants out of frustration into a frenzy, but urged on by his keepers, attacked he furiously Krishna again. (13) The Supreme Lord, the killer of Madhu, confronting him in attack seized him firmly by his trunk and made him fall to the ground. (14) As easy as a lion jumping on the fallen one, yanked the Lord out a tusk and killed He the elephant and his keepers with it.
(15) Leaving aside the dead elephant entered He, sprinkled with drops of the elephant's blood and sweat and holding the tusk on His shoulder, the arena with His lotuslike face shining of the fine drops that had appeared of His own perspiring. (16) Surrounded by several cowherdboys entered Baladeva and Janârdana the arena, o King, with the elephant's tusks as their chosen weapons. (17) To the wrestlers He was lightning, to the men He was the best, to the women He was Cupid incarnate, to the cowherds He was a relative, to the impious rulers He was a chastiser, to His parents He was a child, to the king of Bhoja He was death, to the unintelligent He was the gross of the universe, to the yogis He was the Supreme Reality and to the Vrishnis He was the most worshipable deity - thus seen differently He entered the arena together with His brother [see * and rasa]. (18) Within Kamsa, who saw Kuvalayâpîda killed and the two of Them invincible, then rose a great anxiety o ruler of man. (19) The two mighty armed Lords the way They were dressed with garments, ornaments and garlands like two actors in excellent costumes, shone, present in the arena, with an effulgence that overwhelmed the minds of all onlookers. (20) Seeing the two Supreme Personalities opened the people sitting in the galleries, the citizens and the people from outside, o King, by the force of their joy, their eyes and mouths wide and drank they in Their faces, never getting enough of Them with their vision. (21-22) As if drinking with their eyes, licking with their tongues, smelling through their nostrils and embracing with their arms, spoke they among one another commemorating the beauty, qualities, charm and bravery of the things they had seen and heard: (23) 'These two surely are direct expansions of Hari, the Supreme Personality, who have descended to this world in the home of Vasudeva. (24) This one indeed was, born from Devakî, brought to Gokula where He lived hidden all this time growing up in the house of Nanda. (25) Pûtanâ as well as the whirlwind-demon were by Him put to death and so He also dealt with many others: the Arjuna trees, S'ankhacûda, Kes'î, Dhenuka... (26-27) The cows and their tenders were by Him saved from the forest fire, Kâliya the serpent He subdued, Indra was sobered up by Him, for seven days He held with one hand the best of all mountains delivering all the residents of Gokula from rain, wind and hail... (28) The gopîs seeing His always cheerful, smiling face and glance ever free from fatigue could transcend all sorts of distress and live happily... (29) They say that by Him this Yadu dynasty will grow very famous and, protected in every way, will achieve all riches, glory and power... (30) And this brother of His, the lotus-eyed Râma, He's of all opulence and killed Pralamba, [and we think...] Vatsâsura, Bakâsura and others...'
(31) As the people were thus speaking and the musical instruments sounded, spoke Cânûra, addressing Krishna and Balarâma, the following words: (32) 'O son of Nanda, o Râma, You two heroes are well respected and skillful at wrestling; the king hearing of it wanted to see that and called for You. (33) Citizens indeed when they in mind, deeds and words perform to the pleasure of the king will acquire good fortune, but opposite to this it is different. (34) The gopas obviously always very happy tend their calves in the forests and play and horse around while grazing the cows. (35) Therefore, let the two of You and us act to the pleasure of the king who embodies all alive, so that all living beings will be satisfied.'
(36) Hearing that spoke Krishna words befitting the time and place [see also 4.8: 54] in welcome of the wrestling that He Himself also considered desirable: (37) 'As subjects of the Bhoja king, must We also, even though wandering in the forest, always execute whatever pleases him, for that will confer upon Us the greatest benefit. (38) We young boys will as it should contest with those equal in strength; the wrestling match should take place so that the members of the audience in this arena will not fall from their belief.'
(39) Cânûra said: 'You and Balarâma are no boys or youngsters, You're the strongest of the strong who sported to kill the elephant that had the strength of a thousand elephants! (40) Therefore should the two of You fight with those who are strong, there's sure no injustice in that; it's Your prowess against mine, o descendent of Vrishni, and let Balarâma take it up with Mushthika.'
Footnote:
* Thus one speaks of ten rasas, attitudes or moods toward Krishna: fury [perceived by the wrestlers], wonder [by the men], conjugal attraction [the women], laughter [the cowherds], chivalry [the kings], mercy [His parents], terror [Kamsa], repulsion [the unintelligent], peaceful neutrality [the yogis] and loving devotion [the Vrishnis].
The Wrestling Match and the Killing of Kamsa
(1) S'rî S'uka said: 'The Supreme Lord assenting to that [what Cânûra had said] then confronted Cânûra and so did the son of Rohinî with Mushthika. (2) Seizing their hands with their hands and locking their legs with their legs, pulled and pushed they each other with force to attain the victory. (3) With their elbows against their elbows, dealt they, knees against knees, head against head and chest against chest one another their blows. (4) Wheeling, shoving, crushing and throwing down, releasing, running in front and running behind, offered they each other resistance. (5) Lifting and carrying, pushing off and holding each other fast wanted they, harming themselves, the victory.
(6) Feeling sorry about that fight between the weak and the strong assembled, to speak among themselves, all the women in groups, o King: (7) 'Alas, how great this lack of responsibility on the part of these people who, present in the king's assembly, are out to join the king in watching a fight between the strong and the weak. (8) At the one side we see the appearance of these two mountains of master wrestlers, all with limbs as strong as lightning, and at the other side are there those most tender limbs of the two youths who haven't attained maturity yet! (9) Clearly came it with this association to a break with the dharma. And there where unrighteousness has mounted, one should not remain for a moment longer! (10) A wise person should not attend an assembly where the members are out for deviating in improprieties, because one then consents in silence and under false pretexts subscribing to wrong assumptions will incur sin. (11) You should see how Krishna's lotuslike face because of darting around his foe is as wet of the exertion as the whorl of a lotusflower is with droplets of water. (12) Just see how Râma's face with eyes like copper in the anger with Mushthika is even more beautiful, with His laughing in His focus? (13) How meritorious indeed are the tracts of Vraja where the Primeval Original Personality in this disguise of human traits, with a wonderful variety of forest flowers, together with Balarâma, vibrating His flute and moving about in various pastimes, was herding the cows, while His feet are worshiped by the lord on the mountain [S'iva] and the goddess of fortune. (14) What austerities must the gopîs have performed to be allowed to drink in through their eyes the form of such a One essence of unequaled, unsurpassed loveliness perfect in itself, ever new and hard to reach as the only abode of fame, beauty and opulence? (15) They, the fortunate ladies of Vraja, while milking, threshing, churning, smearing [with the dung], swinging on swings, with crying babies, sprinkling and cleaning and so on, fondly thinking sing about Him, choked up with tears and have, by their consciousness of Urukrama, all they wish for. (16) Hearing Him playing the flute, together with the cows early in the morning leaving and late in the evening returning to Vraja, hurry the women outside meet on the road in utter piety with the smiling, merciful face and glances.'
(17) As they were thus speaking decided the Supreme Lord, the Controller of Mystic Power, to kill His enemy, o hero of the Bhâratas. (18) Their parents [in prison] hearing of the women the words of concern about their sons, overwhelmed with sorrow burned in distress not knowing how strong their kids were. (19) As Acyuta and His opponent fought each other with all the different wrestling techniques, did Balarâma and Mushthika the same. (20) Due to the crushing, lightning hard blows dealt by the hands and feet of the Supreme Lord, was Cânûra, more and more feeling pained and exhausted, completely broken. (21) He with the speed of a hawk falling upon Him, both his hands clenching to fists, struck the Supreme Lord Vâsudeva enraged upon His chest. (22-23) Not moved by His blows like an elephant hit with a garland, seized the Lord Cânûra by his arms and whirled He him around several times to throw him with great force down to the earth so that he, crashing like a massive festival column, with his clothes, hair and garland all scattered, lost his life. (24-25) Likewise did also Mushthika, after striking the powerful Lord Balabhadra with his fist, receive a violent blow from His palm so that he trembling, giving up blood from his mouth, right where he stood lifeless fell to the ground, like a tree struck down by the wind. (26) Then was Kûtha, coming forward, nonchalantly with a left fist playfully killed by Râma, the best of all fighters, o King. (27) Next then did both S'ala and Tos'ala, struck in the head by the toes of Krishna and torn apart, come to fall. (28) With Cânûra, Mushthika, Kûtha, S'ala and Tos'ala being killed fled the remainder of the wrestlers in the hope to save their life. (29) Gathering with Their young cowherd friends sported They [Krishna and Râma] together with them, playing musical instruments and dancing about tinkling with Their anklebells. (30) Except for Kamsa rejoiced all the people over the accomplishment of Râma and Krishna while the best of the learned and the saintly exclaimed 'Excellent, excellent!'
(31) With the best of his wrestlers killed and running off, silenced the bhoja king his instrumental music and spoke he the words: (32) 'Expel the two sons of Vasudeva who behaved so badly from the city, take the gopas their wealth and tie up that fool Nanda! (33) And Vasudeva who is so stupid, Ugrasena, my father the ignoramus and his followers, should all, for their siding with the enemy, be killed right away.'
(34) With Kamsa thus raving indeed extremely mad, jumped the Imperishable Lord with ease high up to swiftly climb upon the high royal dais. (35) Seeing Him, his own death, approaching, got he, smart enough, up from his seat immediately and took he up his sword and shield. (36) Kamsa, sword in hand moving about left and right as quick as a hawk in the sky, was by force of the irresistible and fearsome strength seized like a snake would by the son of Târkshya [Garuda]. (37) Grabbing him by the hair, slipped the crown from his head and hurled the One with the Lotus Navel him down from the high platform into the wrestling arena after which He, the Independent Support of the Entire Universe, jumped on top of him. (38) Like a lion with an elephant dragged He him dead along the ground before the eyes of all the people of whom then arose a loudly sounded 'Ooo..h, ooooh', o King of the humans. (39) Since he, constantly anxious of mind, had seen Him, the Controller with the cakra in His hand, before him wherever he drank or ate, walked, slept or breathed, achieved he therefore that same so difficult to achieve form [see also sârûpya 10.41: 42 and 10.29: 13]. (40) His eight younger brothers Kanka, Nyagrodhaka and the rest, infuriated ran forward in attack to make Him pay for their brother. (41) Thus rushing ahead ready to strike were they beaten down by Balarâma, who like the lion king with the animals wielded His club. (42) Kettledrums resounded in the sky, Brahmâ, S'iva, the other gods and the ones empowered pleased chanted praises and showered flowers upon Him as their wives danced.
(43) The wives, o Emperor, grieving over the death of their well-wishers approached there with tears in their eyes beating their heads. (44) Embracing their husbands lying on the heroes bed, lamented the women loudly shedding a river of tears: (45) "Alas, o master, o dearest, o defender of the holy duty, o kindness, o you so full of compassion; together with your being killed have we, your household and offspring, been killed. (46) Bereft of you, the master, does this city just like us, o most heroic of men, not appear as beautiful with the festivity and bliss all having ended now. (47) The terrible violence you've committed against innocent living creatures has resulted in this condition of yours o dearest, how can there for him who causes harm to other living beings be a happy end? (48) He who is neglectful of this One, Him who of all living beings in this world is for certain the origin, maintenance and disappearance, can never prosper in happiness.'
(49) S'rî S'uka said: 'The Supreme Lord, the Sustainer of All Worlds, consoling the wives around the king, as enjoined arranged for the funeral rites for the deceased. (50) After that had been done freed Krishna and Râma their father and mother from their fetters, proving Their respect by touching their feet with Their heads. (51) Devakî and Vasudeva in recognition of [Them as] the Controllers of the Universe payed on their turn their respects with joined palms and apprehensively didn't embrace their sons.'
Krishna Rescues His Teacher's Son
(1) S'rî S'uka said: 'With His parents arriving at the idea that He would be the Supreme Personality said He to Himself: 'This should not be so', and thus expanded He the personal illusory potency [of His yogamâyâ] which bewilders the people. (2) Approaching them together with His elder brother, the Greatest of the Veritable [the Sâtvatas], said He, to gratify them, with humility bowing down to His parents respectfully: 'Dear father and mother! (3) There has, o father [and mother] who because of us were always in anxiety, indeed for the two of you never been anything of the toddler-age, the boyhood and youth of your two sons [see *]. (4) As ordained by fate could We, deprived of residing in your presence, not experience the pampered happiness of children living at home with their parents. (5) To the parents from whom one is born and by whom one is maintained, is a mortal person never, not for a lifespan of hundred years, able to repay the debt, for they are the source of the body that is there for all goals of life [purushârthas, compare 10.32: 22]. (6) A son who, of them capable, with his resources and wealth does not provide for their sustenance, will after death be made to eat his own flesh [see also 5.26]. (7) Being capable of but not maintaining one's mother and father, the elderly, one's chaste wife, one's very young child, the spiritual master and the learned one seeking shelter, is one dead even though one breathes [see B.G. 11: 33]. (8) Therefore were the two of Us, because of Kamsa who was always disturbing, with a mind motivated for counteraction unable to honor you and have We spent these days [of youth] without having been of any use to you. (9) Please forgive Us the fact that, o father and mother, under the control of others from Our part not being at your service, the hardhearted one [Kamsa] caused such a great pain.'
(10) S'rî S'uka said: 'Thus bewildered by the deluding power of Him, the Lord and Soul of the Universe appearing as a human being, raised they Them upon their laps to experience the joy of closing Them in their arms. (11) Bound by the rope of affection crying a river couldn't they say a thing, o King, being overwhelmed with their throats full of tears. (12) The Supreme Lord, the son of Devakî, thus consoled His parents and made His maternal grandfather Ugrasena, King over the Yadus. (13) He then told him: 'With Us, o great King, as your subjects please take command, since one because of the curse of Yayâti [see 9.18: 42] being born as a Yadu should not sit on the throne. (14) When I am present attending to you as a servant, will the demigods and all belonging to them bow down to offer you tribute; and what then to say of other rulers of men?'
(15-16) All His close relatives and other relations, the Yadus, Vrishnis, Andhakas, Madhus, Dâs'ârhas, Kukuras and other clans, who disturbed in fear of Kamsa had fled in all directions, were honored and consoled, for living in foreign regions had made them weary. He, the Maker of the Universe, arranged for their homes and gratified them with valuable gifts. (17-18) Protected by the arms of Krishna and Sankarshana enjoyed they in their homes perfectly the fulfillment of their desires as because of Krishna and Râma the fever [of a material life] had ceased, now that they day by day saw the loving, always cheerful, beautiful lotuslike face of Mukunda with the merciful, smiling glances. (19) Even the eldest were youthful and full of strength and vitality, there [in Mathurâ] drinking in with their eyes repeatedly the nectar of Mukunda's lotus face. (20) Next, o great King, were the Supreme Lord, the son of Devakî, and Sankarshana approached by Nanda and this is what They, embracing him, said: (21) 'O father, by the great affection and the fondling of the two of you, have you cared for Us in a great way, truely is for parents the love for their children greater even than the love they have for themselves. (22) Those persons are father and mother who nourish as their own children the sons who were abandoned by their own family not capable of maintaining and protecting them. (23) Please, all of you, go to Vraja dear father, We [represented by ...] will visit you and your kin aching of love, after We've made our friends here happy.' (24) Acyuta thus appeasing Nanda and the folk of Vraja, then respectfully honored them with clothing, jewelry and pots and such.
(25) Thus addressed by the two of Them embraced Nanda Them, engulfed by affection, with tears filling his eyes and went he with the gopas to Vraja. (26) Then had the son of S'ûrasena [Vasudeva], o King, by a priest and brahmins for his sons the second-birth initiation properly performed. (27) He donated to them in worship, for remuneration fully decorated cows with golden chains and ornaments complete with calves and garlands of flowers of flax. (28) He, magnanimous, gave them in charity the cows that were stolen away by Kamsa, the same cows he previously had donated within his mind on the day that Krishna and Râma were born [see 3.10: 11-12]. (29) After by initiation having attained the twice-born status, took They, sincere in Their vows from Garga, the preceptor of the Yadus, the vow of celibacy [to be a student, see also gâyatrî and brahmâcârya]. (30-31) As the Lords of the Universe of all being the origin and in knowledge being omniscient did They, by their humanlike activities concealing the impeccable knowledge that was achieved from no other source, then desire to live at the school of the guru native to Kâsî [Benares] named Sândîpani who dwelt in the city of Avantî [Ujjain]. (32) The spiritual teacher who in that circumstance was allowed to receive Them in self-restraint, was by Them, who approached him for his service as if he was the Lord, that way with Their devotion used to set an irreproachable example for others. (33) Their highest one of the twice-born satisfied with Their pure love and submissive acts, taught as Their guru Them all the Vedas with their corollary literatures and philosophical treatises, [**] (34) the Dhanur-veda [military science, archery] along with all its secrets [the mantras], the dharma and the nyâya [the methods of logic] as also ânvîkshikîm [the knowledge of philosophical debate or tarka] and the six aspects of râja-nîtim [political science, see ***]. (35-36) As the best of all first class persons and of all knowledge being the promulgators did They, o ruler of man, fixed in concentration fully assimilate with simply having it heard once, the complete of the sixty-four arts in as many days and nights [*4] and offered They being satisfied their preceptor, o King, compensation [gurudakshinâ]. (37) The twice-born man, in due consideration of that amazing greatness of Their superhuman intelligence, o King, after consulting with his wife, arrived at the wish to see his child back that had perished in the ocean at Prabhâsa [see also 1.15: 49, 3.1: 20, 3.3: 25]. (38) Saying 'So be it' mounted the two great charioteers of unlimited prowess then a chariot and walked they, reaching there, up to the shore to sit down for a moment, upon which the ocean in recognition brought Them offerings of tribute [compare 9.10: 13]. (39) To him said the Supreme Lord: 'At once present Us the son of Our guru, a young boy whom by you with a mighty wave has been seized here.'
(40) The person of the ocean said: 'It was not I who took him away, o Lord, it was a powerful Daitya named Pañcajana, o Krishna, a demon who roams in the water assuming the form of a conch. (41) By him living here has he indeed been taken away'.
Hearing that hurried the Master into the water and killed He him, but the boy He couldn't find in his belly. (42-44) Taking the conchshell, that had grown as a part of the demon, returned He to the chariot and left He for the beloved city of Yamarâja [the Lord of death] known as Samyamanî [*5]. On His way being accompanied by Him who has the Plow for His Weapon [Balarâma], blew Janârdana loudly on the conchshell [see also B.G. 1: 15] of which the sound was heard by Yamarâja, the restrainer of the ones born. Overflowing with devotion performed he elaborate worship for Them and said he humbly, bowing down to Krishna who dwells in each his heart: 'What can I do for the two of You, o Vishnu, who appeared as human beings?'
(45) The Supreme Lord said: 'Please bring the son of My guru taken from here to suffer the bondage of his karma o great King, it is My command that should be given priority.'
(46) 'Let it be so' he said and brought forth the preceptor's son. The Best of the Yadus then gave him back to Their guru whom They so said: 'Please make another wish'.
(47) The honorable guru said: 'I am completely fulfilled, my Boys, by the remuneration for the guru of the two of You; what else would there for the spiritual master of Persons like You be left to desire? (48) Please go to Your home, o heroes, may Your fame purify and may the words of Your delight [the mantras, the vedic hymns] be ever fresh ['never die away' or 'never be forgotten'] in this life and in the next!' [see also: 10.13: 2]
(49) Thus by Their guru permitted to leave, reached They on Their chariot fast as the wind and thundering like a cloud Their city. (50) The citizens seeing Râma and Janârdana, not having seen Them for many days, all rejoiced like people who having lost their wealth had regained it.'
Footnotes:
* S'rîla Vis'vanâtha Cakravartî points out: 'The kaumâra stage lasts until the age of five, pauganda up to age ten and kais'ora to age fifteen. From then on, one is known as yauvana.' According to this statement, the kais'ora period ends at the age of fifteen. Krishna was only eleven years old when He killed Kamsa, according to Uddhava's words: ekâdas'a-samâs tatra gûdhârcih sa-balo 'vasat. 'Like a covered flame, Lord Krishna remained there incognito with Balarâma for eleven years' (S.B. 3.2: 26) ... The three years and four months that Lord Krishna stayed in Mahâvana were the equivalent of five years for an ordinary child, and thus in that period He completed His kaumâra stage of childhood. The period from then to the age of six years and eight months, during which He lived in Vrindâvana, constitutes His pauganda stage. And the period from the age of six years and eight months through His tenth year, during which time He lived in Nandîs'vara [Nandagrâma], constitutes His kais'ora stage. Then, at the age of ten years and seven months, on the eleventh lunar day of the dark fortnight of the month of Caitra, He went to Mathurâ, and on the fourteenth day thereafter He killed Kamsa. Thus He completed His kais'ora period at age ten, and He eternally remains at that age. In other words, we should understand that from this point on the Lord remains forever a kis'ora.'
**: These are the so-called angas and Upanishads. The six angas are: s'iks'a (phonetics), chanda, (prosody), vyâkarana (grammar), jyotisha (astronomy), kalpa (content and rules for the rituals) and nirukta (etymology).
***: The six aspects of political science are: (1) sandhi, making peace; (2) vigraha, war; (3) yâna, marching or expedition; (4) âsana, sitting tight or encampment; (5) dvaidha, dividing one's forces or separating one's allies; and (6) sams'aya, depending on allies or seeking the protection of a more powerful ruler.
*4: The Lords learned: (1) gîtam, singing; (2) vâdyam, playing on musical instruments; (3) nrityam, dancing; (4) nâthyam, drama; (5) âlekhyam, painting; (6) vis'eshaka-cchedyam, painting the face and body with colored unguents and cosmetics; (7) tandula-kusuma-bali-vikârâh, preparing auspicious designs on the floor with rice and flowers; (8) pushpâstaranam, making a bed of flowers; (9) das'ana-vasanânga-râgâh, coloring one's teeth, clothes and limbs; (10) mani-bhûmikâ-karma, inlaying a floor with jewels; (11) s'ayyâ-racanam, covering a bed; (12) udaka-vâdyam, ringing waterpots; (13) udaka-ghâtah, splashing with water; (14) citra-yogâh, mixing colors; (15) mâlya-grathana-vikalpâh, preparing wreaths; (16) s'ekharâpîda-yojanam, setting a helmet on the head; (17) nepathya-yogâh, putting on apparel in a dressing room; (18) karna-patra-bhangâh, decorating the earlobe; (19) sugandha-yuktih, applying aromatics; (20) bhûshana-yojanam, decorating with jewelry; (21) aindrajâlam, jugglery; (22) kaucumâra-yogah, the art of disguise; (23) hasta-lâghavam, sleight of hand; (24) citra-s'âkâpûpa-bhakshya- vikâra-kriyah, preparing varieties of salad, bread, cake and other delicious food; (25) pânaka-rasa-râgâsava-yojanam, preparing palatable drinks and tinging draughts with red color; (26) sûcî-vâya-karma, needlework and weaving; (27) sûtra-krîdâ, making puppets dance by manipulating thin threads; (28) vînâ-damarukavâdyâni, playing on a lute and a small X-shaped drum; (29) prahelikâ, making and solving riddles; (29a) pratimâlâ, capping verses, or reciting poems verse for verse as a trial of memory or skill; (30) durvacaka-yogâh, uttering statements difficult for others to answer; (31) pustaka-vâcanam, reciting books; and (32) nâthikâkhyâyikâ-dars'anam, enacting short plays and writing anecdotes.(33) kâvya-samasyâ-pûranam, solving enigmatic verses; (34) paththikâ-vetra-bâna-vikalpâh, making a bow from a strip of cloth and a stick; (35) tarku-karma, spinning with a spindle; (36) takshanam, carpentry; (37) vâstu-vidyâ, architecture; (38) raupya-ratna- parîkshâ, testing silver and jewels; (39) dhâtu-vâdah, metallurgy; (40) mani- raga-jñânam, tinging jewels with various colors; (41) âkara-jñânam, mineralogy; (42) vrikshâyur-veda-yogâh, herbal medicine; (43) mesha-kukkutha- lâvaka-yuddha-vidhih, the art of training and engaging rams, cocks and quails in fighting; (44) s'uka-s'ârikâ-pralâpanam, knowledge of how to train male and female parrots to speak and to answer the questions of human beings; (45) utsâdanam, healing a person with ointments; (46) kes'a-mârjana- kaus'alam, hairdressing; (47) akshara-mushthikâ-kathanam, telling what is written in a book without seeing it, and telling what is hidden in another's fist; (48) mlecchita-kutarka-vikalpâh, fabricating barbarous or foreign sophistry; (49) des'a-bhâshâ-jñânam, knowledge of provincial dialects; (50) pushpa-s'akathikâ-nirmiti-jñânam, knowledge of how to build toy carts with flowers; (51) yantra-mâtrikâ, composing magic squares, arrangements of numbers adding up to the same total in all directions; (52) dhârana-mâtrikâ, the use of amulets; (53) samvâcyam, conversation; (54) mânasî-kâvya-kriyâ, composing verses mentally; (55) kriyâ-vikalpâh, designing a literary work or a medical remedy; (56) chalitaka-yogâh, building shrines; (57) abhidhâna-kosha-cchando-jñânam, lexicography and the knowledge of poetic meters; (58) vastra-gopanam, disguising one kind of cloth to look like another; (59) dyûta-vis'esham, knowledge of various forms of gambling; (so) âkarsha-krîda, playing dice; (61) bâlaka-krîdanakam, playing with children's toys; (62) vainâyikî vidyâ, enforcing discipline by mystic power; (63) vaijayikî vidyâ, gaining victory; and (64) vaitâlikî vidyâ, awakening one's master with music at dawn. [see also Krishna book ch. 45]
*5 Samyama means, self-control, restraint, holding together, the integration of concentration [dhâranâ], meditation [dhyâna], and absorption [samâdhi] in yoga.
Thus ends the second part of the tenth Canto of the S'rîmad Bhâgavatam named: 'Summum Bonum'.
Translation: Anand Aadhar Prabhu, http://bhagavata.org/c/8/AnandAadhar.html
Production: the Filognostic Association of The Order of Time, with special thanks to Sakhya Devi Dasi for proofreading and correcting the manuscript. http://theorderoftime.com/info/guests-friends.html
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